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发表于 2019-3-22 09:41:37
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汉语里面的「相当」也好,「在一定程度上」也好,都是跟着英语学来的,当然不可能有什么「汉英差异」
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& v3 {$ ^( r( C& L( ~9 F9 Jfair的本义是「公平」,relative的本义是「相对」,暗示两个事物有平等的地位0 \2 Z: E8 V9 {5 N' i2 a. O) N
7 X8 f+ i' X% ^/ ~, V5 \4 G" L5 ?所以做副词的 fairly 的意思就比较模糊,表达「像X,但也不是X到了极点」,到底是高还是低呢,其实并不是高低,而是说话人想把程度拉到一个他认为「合适」的地位。
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- J; t6 T! i, F$ y7 \" L1 ]比如说:
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! h& G* r: y. j0 }" D在一定程度上缓解其合法性危机 —— 到底缓解没缓解啊?大概是缓解了50%?
; r2 ]( S8 `: q7 P4 p在一定程度上解决了学生的矛盾问题 —— 到底解决了没啊?反正就是这么模糊的,大概解决了50%?
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这个「合适」的地位,在具体语境下面,是高还是低,当然看上下文了:( p- D) d6 j K' c7 ^3 L
( d* J: | y# l8 }0 `! zIf we stress the adverb, it emphasises that it wasn't very, very good, very interesting, very short, or very thorough:
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! O: q# O# X# x/ i! r) V% @% dIt was pretty good.* ~& S5 [$ k3 E! {0 j! }
It was quite interesting.
. y) W \5 I; i- X2 |" bIt was rather long.# ~0 V2 W0 p5 H
It was fairly thorough.
$ P! ^/ d% y0 p& uHowever, if we stress the adjective, then it emphasises that it was, indeed, X:
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1 I: k% x: j8 v0 e: N: KIt was pretty good.
$ j, U( K8 k3 C8 t8 G4 `It was quite interesting.
' I6 ^* G& C, ]/ p/ RIt was rather long.
8 I: t+ |$ r% E7 }" UIt was fairly thorough.
1 K7 Y! y, H' j: G# z8 B0 Nhttps://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/41285/the-usage-of-the-word-pretty-is-pretty-confusing/ y) T+ Z/ D$ f5 k# n ~% ], ^
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美国英语里面,pretty也有这个问题,高低不定。所以美国人的解决办法是用重读来区分。书面语无法表示轻重,那就只能看上下文咯。
2 H, m Q5 t5 v有些词典/材料一会儿说「高」一会儿说「低」,只是因为虚词本身就不好解释,反正母语者自己不会用错,所以就马马虎虎咯
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