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本帖最后由 Oeasy 于 2017-5-19 14:23 编辑
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7 ~1 ]0 Z" R1 G3 O4 r[2017-05-19] from out of ... http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/n4uVvukxgCvNxx_7Ofl9uA
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[2017-03-13]《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第 8 版)里的 126 个介词 http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/MZ1CypLUoQCcl0rR0PUyYw; ?) W4 P, n0 @2 x2 g+ I
- 注意 according to、ahead of、aside from、because of 等带有空格,但是整体被标注为介词。out of 在 CALD 中整体标注为介词 http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ ... e-simplified/out-of( Q3 ?1 j5 ]% X) E. p
[2016-12-20] 不定冠词 a 还是介词? https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KMroTIq-fVrtVs-jQSVM0A6 c7 T2 A6 F/ m U j0 }
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感谢楼下朋友的回复。重在学习。$ F) W) h& l P8 `" [9 Q
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有朋友让我分析下这样一个句子。
/ P0 ^: f- t3 I' S/ G我也不是万能的,其实也没太想明白,这里抛砖引玉。
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http://www.economist.com/news/le ... wer-engagement-ring
% q5 X9 f& Z9 c7 }( ]) J% }+ NMeanwhile, laboratory-grown “synthetic” diamonds, long fit only for industrial use, are becoming good enough to compete with gems from out of the ground.
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基本点:# c% Q* `( d; g- Z. E
- gems from out of the ground 肯定是正确的表达方式。不知道为啥,我联想起 I don't have nothing.
" ]8 |. Z. z# {( ]- G0 {/ e- out of 合起来看作一个介词,虽然 out 和 of 间有空格,http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ ... e-simplified/out-of0 E3 O; T) ` O% O5 R
- from 也是一个介词4 h, p! S* i2 P8 s ]2 G
- ground 常见的有两个意思,https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ground% b, b* a" ?$ c) X2 r$ t- w
- 地面(the soild surface of the earth),above/below/under/on the ground' c% g# \( E' @: M
- 土壤(soil; earth),in the ground 4 J9 b1 \ z9 }; ~0 o$ `
gems (diamonds 钻石)和 ground 联系在一起,这里 ground 不太可能是“土壤”。& o- k7 p) W% q/ z# O7 s8 n
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- 钻石是怎么形成的?http://www.guokr.com/question/391805/
- Y' _- x/ ^7 T+ }; `# ^- 既然钻石是个营销骗局,那黄金的价值是怎么体现的?其他的宝石,蓝宝石、红宝石、珍珠等是否有经济价值,能否保值? https://www.zhihu.com/question/20847843
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/ h8 _6 R: \* X2 B问题一,out of the ground 在这里是宾语?等等,介词短语做宾语?Are you kidding me? 印象中只有名词、代词或名词短语作宾语啊。
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- [LGSWE]Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English0 z2 l q0 P9 U; P0 _6 Q; {! B
:: from out of the ground 合起来算 prepositional phrase,而 out of the ground 这个 prepositional phrase 作为 complement 。( v! m$ H3 r0 Z B
2 V/ e+ |$ v7 ELGSWE 中,prepositional phrase = a preposition + a complement1 Q0 V" u% `' }" i
0 a4 I8 g- T# \/ @这里的 complement 可以是:
4 C+ w/ t7 ]* M( m7 G# c1 ^& }- a noun phrase
! v/ H, Y5 r" \( p9 H3 g- nominal clause
3 H9 ?1 v3 F* Z - wh-clause7 P8 ]% y5 z7 U- I& o! ?" P, h
- ing-clause6 `, }5 u7 B# l! v1 m
- an adverb
" j( n6 R+ [- Q2 @( L- another prepositional phrase' W4 X- v. X; L2 @
/ |! d K" `; q7 I) _2.7.5 Prepositional phrases
4 T6 W9 I8 q* ]0 r: N# r ~Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition (2.4.5) and a complement, most typically in the form of a noun phrase.& v; p+ \% f& ?& r3 L# y7 @
……
: S" |# C7 |/ n+ f0 T& lAdditionally, the complement may be an adverb 6, 7, or another prepositional phrase 8:. t, }, ^+ x2 G! F; D
6 So you're sitting [in here] at the moment are you Stanley? (CONV)3 ^7 ~) o6 Q9 J6 U/ s
7 Allow yourself time for home thoughts [from abroad], (NEWS)
' ?- s6 {- i, B& C x0 d8 [From behind the wire fencing], a uniformed guard eyes us with binoculars, (NEWS) 6 {+ {6 G& _' n; h
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当然,把介词短语当作宾语的,也不是没有这种说法。) j. b3 F0 y3 K; E% W
6 E% j4 |. I. ~- 《大学英语语法:讲座与测试(第五版)》第四讲 - 介词三、介词的宾语 k$ F9 v% ?: j
介词的宾语不仅限于名词和代词,还可以是其他词类或句子等
% K: |7 C$ H* M2 a$ @(1)名词. @+ W% c+ f t
(2)代词7 N% D! L+ Z! `! M- `; _/ n. Z
(3)形容词' s2 O: b5 L6 f6 i
(4)副词
% n Z& @/ h9 q9 j( l(5)动名词2 e* |# g) C5 K: L
(6)不定式3 J- L) k4 \5 G3 D6 d& }/ V
(7)介词短语
9 |+ _" i" P2 S& f( ~. R1 a She often studies till after midnight. 他常常学习到下半夜。
c1 h7 I1 j; h( { T They came from across the river. 他们自河对岸来。 g2 y4 B& P; I$ H
She read till into the night. 她读书到深夜。
/ c" [* a% T2 _4 w- h The temperature dropped to over zero centigrade. 气温降到刚过零度。
- |& V) G. n4 U" B( G2 V He suddenly appeared from behind the door. 他突然从门后面出现了。 m3 B" ]& V7 c9 m ~
(8)数词
/ r% X7 o& N! z8 [2 K' M3 e(9)疑问词+不定式
% y: p. |, w9 r# b(10)疑问词引导从句) T |$ D# ^, H7 s* k) m: i
(11)that 引导的从句 : g) r' k% a1 i' s/ M
8 w/ l# q! ~# z7 ]6 v书中另有大量例句,这里不复制、粘贴了。; q3 X+ l8 r: Z) l0 M$ X& e0 L
: ]2 X8 Y. @7 {3 }. V V问题二,下面 4 种说法是否正确,表达的是不是同一个意思?
; u+ U9 d8 I* O, o- ① gems from out of the ground
0 g c5 w0 d: w- ② gems from the ground
; P: i2 y; f4 m: W- ③ gems out of the ground
0 \# M2 H' s: `# r( z- ④ gems from underground/ r( X ^* h v, E2 n
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那 ground 做“地面”、“地表”讲的话,② gems from the ground、③ gems out of the ground 这两种搭配就很奇怪的,宝石源于土壤?
; c E; h) w& X* N④ gems from underground 同样有问题,毕竟宝石有的没埋那么深;哈哈,underground 还是地铁的意思。; |" q5 b! U9 {1 h# _! v* x
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/ r1 Q$ r6 W# Sfrom out of ... 在词典里也有若干例子(from out of town / state, from out or the bounds),但是词典里 from out of the ground 我只找到两处。6 H9 s7 u1 ^ V: e, s7 w8 ^
~" [' c& A3 R####Collins English Dictionary/ g! i* e# G v6 S
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/come-up8 d! m( B" r* w- E9 r3 `7 r0 T
**come up**0 W$ K: i ~5 P
7. to appear from out of the ground : F" n1 {+ v" N8 n- f# o# y o
my beans have come up early this year
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( k0 r9 e1 z. q% ?: k$ W####COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary
6 M r$ e \/ ]! ]% t5 q+ |6 |https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/disinter; j/ V) q1 C2 l$ r) O
**disinter**
" M" f& T- K3 \5 ^$ t8 e* j/ h5 AWhen a dead body is disinterred, it is dug up from out of the ground.
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顺便,这里 up from out of 四个词,都可以是介词,四个介词连在一起了,颤抖吧!
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9 A$ ^ [9 F/ W2 O; w. B2 i- Z' ~( T《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》 lay 条有一个释义, to produce eggs from out of the body 。5 f' u, J& A& l( ?# ~8 @: c1 h
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**lay** http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ ... nese-simplified/lay8 w: R3 p+ e" F, @$ a7 }! e5 X
(of an animal or bird) to produce eggs from out of the body& X* h8 W; N5 Q- I' K( w
产(卵);产(蛋) 5 \ x( ]7 j d Y- h' w' @
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- out from or out of earth https://forum.wordreference.com/ ... t-of-earth.3239731/
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) I" u* C8 m2 ^1 X3 T4 t6 J+ j- From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America https://www.amazon.com/dp/0195374770/4 m0 m- `5 y4 X+ P/ B5 U% c2 T1 m
- From Out of Chaos: Dark Matter Heart: Book 2 (Dark Matter Heart Trilogy) (Volume 2) https://www.amazon.com/dp/1477435530/
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