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签到天数: 15 天 [LV.4]偶尔看看III
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发表于 2023-10-31 17:03:09
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本帖最后由 lightheart 于 2023-10-31 20:52 编辑
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楼主的质疑并不是没有道理。例如2018年专四真题PART III LANGUAGE USAGE的11题如下：( X( I2 ~5 [4 _2 f' h: g9 t8 i
The Bent Pyramid outside Cario ______ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-side pyramid.
- @8 C; _7 y. D( }9 A- W; OA. has been believed to have been/ z, Y2 B3 y" f
B. was believed to be" r e9 }3 q! ~( b: e
C. is believed to have been
1 }$ e" b) H1 Z* v% D1 \D. is believed to be
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答案给的是C，这似乎应该足以支撑楼主的观点了，但是我发现母语者的实际用法和国内应试的标准有相当大的出入。例如，2019年的时候我在WordReference Forum发帖子问母语者这个问题，母语者的回复是Like many multiple-choice questions, a poor range of answers. You're right that D is just as good as C. The extra perfect tense doesn't add anything: it doesn't put it further back in time, or anything like that. We could say either. (entangledbank, London)。这或许可以给答主提供一些参考意见。
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; @/ c: A& M# [- A) u& s' lWR帖子链接：https://forum.wordreference.com/ ... -have-been.3560622/4 i+ l2 L" E) L& g" {
- u. o/ O/ O/ Z) O* u# H当时我放了两个例证：
' f/ e9 y: N# l7 j8 [1. The Hexen pepper-box handgun first appeared in 2013, and is believed to be the first attempt to create a viable firearm with a 3D printer.' D+ s: G& p; n, P2 T
2. This is believed to be the first TV ad which portrayed two gays as an ordinary couple. (FORBES: Advertising Helped Bring Gay Rights Into The Mainstream)/ g: x! a7 C9 k- X
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我个人的意见是这样的：
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- U r2 S. X6 }7 j+ v( E9 Q3 ?《剑桥英语语法》在Anteriority expressed by the perfect when the preterite not available的一个小节下面提到了下面这样的对应：
" S- B8 N! H0 |" o8 Q* _& {$ KHe died in 1806. ~ He is believed to have died in 1806. (CaGEL, p159)
t& u3 f! x0 Q O- \. G2 Q也就是说died和to have died意思上是对应的，我们自然也不说：
+ ?- E- ~) ]* ]% X. V*He dies in 1806. ~ *He is believed to die in 1806." r, V% O0 o" J$ b5 p# F5 G6 u
8 h' w) j' W! G1 r' L& q: C( U+ S不过如果把die这样的达成动词换做是be这样的状态动词，情况或许会有不同：
) H! Q5 f0 q! }0 m- B3 z8 o首先我们看看It <is>/<was> ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-side pyramid.这里is和was的选取问题。如果是按照上面出题人的逻辑，这里是非用was不可的，对应过来就是is believed to have been。但实际上这种对过去某个人物或者时间做一般评述的语境用现在时却再正常不过了，例如Quirk书中的例子Brahms is/was the last great representative of German classicism. (CGEL, p182)就明确标记的is/was都可以。既然It is ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-side pyramid.并没有什么问题，自然It is believed to be ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-side pyramid.也是可以的了。题主的例子也是类似，如果您不认为It is the rose which inspired the song.的is有什么问题，那自然也可以说It is believed to be the rose which inspired the song.了。
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换句话说：7 {8 c: O& L" c2 b$ V" p
It is the rose which inspired the song. ~ It is believed to be the rose which inspired the song.9 u2 a9 |% J/ S z
It was the rose which inspired the song. ~ It is believed to have been the rose which inspired the song.
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' q4 q% z( ~- u6 x$ w3 i楼上sabrina2111说的差不多是一个意思。 |
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