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发表于 2019-5-14 22:35:30
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9 Y/ y; E5 }1 K1 [& a% G希腊语法出现得早，是因为有语言教学、保存古典语言的需求呀，大英百科：
/ \ |3 B* | m: WIn Europe the Greeks (ancient Greek civilization) were the first to write grammars (Greek language). To them, grammar was a tool that could be used in the study of Greek literature; hence their focus on the literary language. The Alexandrians of the 1st century BC further developed Greek grammar in order to preserve the purity of the language. Dionysus Thrax of Alexandria later wrote a treatise called The Art of Grammar, in which he analyzed literary texts in terms of letters, syllables, and eight parts of speech.& N6 E& t, k) `4 M7 @. w
0 I( l/ [9 m8 u* l; a9 B! M The Romans (ancient Rome) adopted the grammatical system of the Greeks and applied it to Latin (Latin language). Except for Varro (Varro, Marcus Terentius), of the 1st century BC, who believed that grammarians should discover structures, not dictate them, most Latin grammarians did not attempt to alter the Greek system and also sought to protect their language from decay. Whereas the model for the Greeks and Alexandrians was the language of Homer, the works of Cicero and Virgil set the Latin standard. The works of Donatus (Donatus, Aelius) (4th century AD) and Priscian (6th century AD), the most important Latin grammarians, were widely used to teach Latin grammar during the European Middle Ages. In medieval Europe, education was conducted in Latin, and Latin grammar became the foundation of the liberal arts curriculum. Many grammars were composed for students during this time. Aelfric, the abbot of Eynsham (11th century), who wrote the first Latin grammar in Anglo-Saxon, proposed that this work serve as an introduction to English grammar as well. Thus began the tradition of devising English grammar according to a Latin model.
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* ~$ x ]9 ^* `2 Q: Y9 j至于为什么有这样的需求，喂鸡百科「罗马」：
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尽管拉丁语是帝国的官方语言，但希腊语是帝国的最主要的语言之一，尤其是在帝国的东部省份[23]。甚至在罗马城，希腊语也成为了教育用语和上流社会的语言[24]。希腊语是基督教，科学和艺术领域中的常用语言。! Z/ H) U7 @4 E; o# A' t
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4世纪时，希腊语在帝国的西部逐渐失势，拉丁语占了上风。5世纪早期，标准拉丁语译本的圣经出版反映了如此情况。西罗马帝国也逐渐开始排斥会说希腊语的人。这造成了后来帝国东西两部分在文化上的分裂。希腊语后来一直作为东罗马帝国的官方语言[25]。6 W, ?/ K4 {9 ?8 I
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其他如亚拉姆语（Aramaic）、科普特语、亚美尼亚语等也在帝国境内通行。
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汉语当然是有语法的，汉语语法里头，虚词的作用大一些，所以传统的汉语语法著作一般是像《经传释词》这样的。. ]$ T% \/ ]; J2 q) T) \; s
' `' y- T5 X% ]) {8 z现代的汉语语法书跟着西方走，也就是跟着拉丁语法走，这是事实，不过这并不能说明汉语本身没有语法。汉语当然有了，只不过古代这需求没那么旺盛，现代有这需求了，古人的见解不够用，就借人家的眼光先顶上。
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发表于 2019-5-14 18:22:42
