TA的每日心情 | 怒 2019-9-29 20:45 |
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签到天数: 37 天 [LV.5]常住居民I
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发表于 2019-9-8 10:37:28
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本帖最后由 张琴琴 于 2019-9-8 11:31 编辑
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/ G# q2 U9 g* B1 z( X0 l1 g首先要指出的是,最能体现出英语思维的地方就是“时态”的运用。英语对时间表达的精确性远胜过中文,这种英语思维在汉语中的天然缺失,使得国人对英语时态的学习要么不够重视,置之不理,要么异常艰难。
) E }* a! j& z6 ], V4 g! L- f4 k再者,所有英语时态的讨论只能建立在具体的语境中,任何孤立的句子都是没有意义的,完成时更是如此。楼主能提出这样的问题,说明注意力已经开始关注起英语中比较微妙的地方。
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例:
% [" e/ A! z7 I4 NA:This young man must be no more than 30 years old. But he looks weather-beaten and tough.
M2 s" r+ [# A; n& e+ HB: Yeah. He was born to a family of sailors. He has travelled all over the world.
1 h) Q: W% b; {6 I这个对话中完成时的意义就是“他周游过全世界”。既不是正在周游,也不是近期在周游,而是表达出了一种已经走遍世界的结果,这一“成果”已经成了事实。
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例:3 E+ {+ [% u4 d- x
A: Morning, fella! Where's your brother Mike? I haven't seen him for a while.
4 O# I5 Z9 g$ |4 A: C* f5 CB: Why, he is not at home. He has a long vacation every year. He is now travelling all over the world!
: E z/ d' h, w3 f$ h/ [这里当然不能用完成时。这里的进行时显然表达了Mike正在环游世界的过程中。/ Z2 ~; n0 c/ k% p8 ]
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, T% a) t9 h1 j0 R' ]A:I found in Charlie's bookcase a number of curious gismos and souvenir badges, most of which seem to have been bought in foreign countries. What has he been doing since he graduated?
: B/ @* g2 i4 l+ F1 I0 wB:Why, didn't you know that? He has been travelling all over the world!- @: O& b5 ^( _! Q$ q
这里的现在完成进行时表达的是Charlie在从过去到现在的很长一段时间内,反复从事某个活动,即他这些年来反反复复的出国旅行。
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3 X# Z: H0 K; B0 y3 S1 \! t" P例:
: f3 _5 N2 [2 q6 V/ _- DZheng He, the legendary voyager of China's Ming Dynasty, travelled all over the world before the age of Columbus.5 Z. g R+ B1 P8 b. h
这里只是个人物介绍,所以只用过去式。
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. d4 q. i4 K( D9 a: ~9 F例:
; g$ d8 Z7 x: [9 \5 l' FHe takes his beloved dog Queenie with him every time he travels all over the world.
# H! S9 \& L1 @, B+ ]" X6 @一般现在时不一定就是“发生在现在的事情”,其本质思维是用于不受时间限制的动作。比如这个例句是在说”他每次周游世界都带上狗“。这里没有以前,现在和将来的时间概念。6 J% W( S* ]; D0 d" r
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