本帖最后由 panview 于 2021-8-17 16:43 编辑
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《英汉辞海》中大部分词汇的释义来源于韦氏第三新国际，感谢本网提供相关素材，得以比较阅读。 最近读到degeneration一词，觉得《英汉辞海》之释义和原版韦氏第三新国际之间的释义是否有很大的差别？《英汉辞海》之释义：8 X% _$ o: G+ ~ \! ^
1:退化 进化的倒退：从较高或较复杂的状态退回到较低级或较简单的状态的过程：某种形态学或生理学特性由于长期人工栽培而消失 2：退步 3a:变性 细胞的完整性受损对创伤或疾病没有反应 b:变性，变质 完全退化变质的体质、精神或道德状态 4：堕落 5：质量方面(如技术或创造性)的下降 6：衰减：a：由于非事故的反馈在一个放大器内引起的损失或增益 b：功率或能量随时间或距离逐渐减弱的现象c：在电信传输中，表征传输线、四端网络输入端信号功率同被减弱的输出端信号功率之比值 7：简并 当气体温度极低，以致克分子热降到比气体温度的3/2倍还小时，气体中出现的现象 7 f6 @, c z) |, ` P+ O
但是看mdx版的Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, 2003： 对degeneration的解释如同常用词汇一样，有多方面的解释和例句，不似英汉辞海中的这么简单。 我想知道王同亿先生所参照的韦氏版本是这样的内容吗？不知谁有原始英文版本 本贴结合mdx 2003版，就该词的释义，以英汉对照的形式，呈现如下： de·gen·er·a·tion ⁄ də̇ˌjenəˈrāshən, (ˌ)dēˌ- ⁄ n. Etym.: French or Late Latin; French dégéneration, from Late Latin degeneration-, degeneratio, from Latin degeneratus + -ion-, -io -ion 1. the process of passing from a higher to a lower type: 从较高的状态到较低的状态的过程： a. a lowering of effective power, vitality, or essential quality to an enfeebled and worsened kind or state 有效力量、活力或基本品质的降低到衰弱和恶化的种类或状态 ◇that degeneration and enhancement were processes that went on side by side in the stream of oral transmission -- Douglas Kennedy 退化和增强是在口头传播中并行进行的过程 ◇of all the dangers that confront a nation at war this degeneration of national purpose … is the greatest -- New Republic 战时一国面临的所有危险中，这种国家目标的退化……是最大的 b. a sinking to a despicable issue or disintegration 陷入卑劣的问题或解体 ◇aimed to prevent degeneration of interservice rivalries into open hostility 旨在防止跨军种竞争退化为公开敌对 c. modification to a lower or inferior cultural stage 改造至低级或低级文化阶段 ◇the dance as a spectacle is generally regarded as a product of degeneration, a secularized form of what is really a religious art -- Susanne K. Langer 作为一种奇观的舞蹈通常被认为是堕落的产物，一种真正宗教艺术的世俗化形式 ◇thus by a process of degeneration the original religious insight of primitive man was overpowered and contaminated by demonistic and polytheistic beliefs -- David Bidney 因此，通过退化的过程，原始人的原始宗教洞察力被恶魔和多神信仰所压制和污染 2. a. intellectual or moral decline tending toward dissolution of character or integrity : a progressive worsening of personal adjustment 趋向于人格或完整性的瓦解的智力或道德下降：个人适应能力的逐渐恶化 ◇that Zola's best novels are studies in degeneration and failure -- C.C.Walcutt 左拉最好的小说是对退化和失败的研究 b. degenerate condition : degeneracy 退化状态：degeneracy退化 ◇theories explaining artistic genius as rooted in degeneration 解释艺术天才根植于退化的理论 3. a. progressive deterioration of physical characters from a level representing the norm of earlier generations or forms 相比较于前辈规范或形式的水平，体质特征逐渐恶化 ◇suggests that the small features of the modern Bushman may have resulted from a long process of physical degeneration -- R.W.Murray 表明现代布须曼人的小特征可能是长期的体质退化的结果 ⇒ secondary simplification of a part or organism in the course of generations often to the extent of loss of function or complete disappearance of constituent structures 部分或有机体在世代过程中的二次简化，通常达到功能丧失或组成结构完全消失的程度 ◇vestigial organs may be interpreted as the product of degeneration following alteration of habits 退化器官可能被解释为习惯改变后退化的产物 ⇒ regression of the morphology of a group or kind of organism toward a simpler less highly organized state 一个群体或一种生物体的形态回归到更简单的组织程度较低的状态 ◇the scouring rushes have undergone degeneration from treelike Mesozoic ancestors 木贼草已从中生代树状祖先退化了 ◇parasitisms leads to degeneration 寄生导致退化 b. deterioration of a tissue or an organ in which its vitality is diminished or its structure impaired; especially deterioration in which specialized cells are replaced by less specialized cells (as in fibrosis or in malignancies) or in which cells are functionally impaired (as by deposition of abnormal matter in the tissue) -- compare infiltration 组织或器官退化，其活力减弱或结构受损； 特别是特化细胞被非特化细胞取代（如纤维化或恶性肿瘤）或细胞功能受损（如组织中异常物质沉积）的恶化——比较 infiltration 浸润 4. marked decline in excellence of workmanship, originality, technical skill, or decorative quality 卓越的工艺、独创性、技术技能或装饰质量明显下降 ◇degeneration of human figures used in Polynesian decorative art -- Journal of the Polynesian Society 波利尼西亚装饰艺术中人物形象的退化——《波利尼西亚学会杂志》 5. the process by which part of the power in the output circuit in an amplifying device is caused to act upon the input circuit so as to restrict the amplification, improve linearity, and reduce distortion : negative feedback -- compare regeneration 使放大装置中输出电路的部分功率作用于输入电路，从而限制放大，改善线性，减少失真的过程：负反馈 regeneration正回授[反馈放大 . V8 ~ C6 _0 W$ Y0 _ e2 x8 m
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发表于 2021-8-16 09:03:05
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