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发表于 2019-3-22 09:41:37
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汉语里面的「相当」也好,「在一定程度上」也好,都是跟着英语学来的,当然不可能有什么「汉英差异」
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/ X2 {3 }' ~, T# \1 n, ]' y' dfair的本义是「公平」,relative的本义是「相对」,暗示两个事物有平等的地位
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所以做副词的 fairly 的意思就比较模糊,表达「像X,但也不是X到了极点」,到底是高还是低呢,其实并不是高低,而是说话人想把程度拉到一个他认为「合适」的地位。
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" Y) O2 f1 [6 l$ K* V5 Z) M/ e5 l( z比如说:
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) u6 Y- e, P, {' l! u) C% d, V: X* b在一定程度上缓解其合法性危机 —— 到底缓解没缓解啊?大概是缓解了50%?
' F: r/ C) c3 b2 v在一定程度上解决了学生的矛盾问题 —— 到底解决了没啊?反正就是这么模糊的,大概解决了50%?
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" h O! ] s* `4 l0 ]0 J这个「合适」的地位,在具体语境下面,是高还是低,当然看上下文了:
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If we stress the adverb, it emphasises that it wasn't very, very good, very interesting, very short, or very thorough:. U9 X3 c$ N' v% i5 [* r
; O: {, Z$ ?! R9 T7 A2 YIt was pretty good.; Z7 j) B! ?4 Y' Z- L$ [* g8 z
It was quite interesting.
, _- `! |. w: C5 @# EIt was rather long.
1 J8 z' y J2 } E, QIt was fairly thorough.
8 Z) @% r7 W$ ?6 iHowever, if we stress the adjective, then it emphasises that it was, indeed, X: q. w+ a0 z. q' a5 n6 R
x9 h- |' ?3 u7 Q% I/ w! W9 pIt was pretty good.4 h. ?3 I. p; d9 @. ~5 n
It was quite interesting.
- M) X) }% Q H4 KIt was rather long.% {; g1 b# e& G% G
It was fairly thorough. ) u! }; y' {4 L: y
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/41285/the-usage-of-the-word-pretty-is-pretty-confusing
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美国英语里面,pretty也有这个问题,高低不定。所以美国人的解决办法是用重读来区分。书面语无法表示轻重,那就只能看上下文咯。
: U! X6 v4 M' O有些词典/材料一会儿说「高」一会儿说「低」,只是因为虚词本身就不好解释,反正母语者自己不会用错,所以就马马虎虎咯2 r3 f; ` i0 }' L+ W
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