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发表于 2019-3-22 09:41:37
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汉语里面的「相当」也好,「在一定程度上」也好,都是跟着英语学来的,当然不可能有什么「汉英差异」: z9 X7 x1 z! |; [
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fair的本义是「公平」,relative的本义是「相对」,暗示两个事物有平等的地位
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% K8 X- B- T, s g- d9 c" _' u所以做副词的 fairly 的意思就比较模糊,表达「像X,但也不是X到了极点」,到底是高还是低呢,其实并不是高低,而是说话人想把程度拉到一个他认为「合适」的地位。
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* f' f! L: K+ d* q V比如说:) v1 l; z+ `$ q8 ], k# x# k, {
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在一定程度上缓解其合法性危机 —— 到底缓解没缓解啊?大概是缓解了50%?
9 Q/ C# G" P1 r1 p& V7 g9 ~' { D在一定程度上解决了学生的矛盾问题 —— 到底解决了没啊?反正就是这么模糊的,大概解决了50%?
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这个「合适」的地位,在具体语境下面,是高还是低,当然看上下文了:) {/ E3 D5 c% n4 y/ A
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If we stress the adverb, it emphasises that it wasn't very, very good, very interesting, very short, or very thorough:
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It was pretty good.
' f6 D3 Z& T4 e9 b4 e# @* hIt was quite interesting.
`* o2 W& D6 PIt was rather long.4 a8 h( h: ^: B" L; o0 b
It was fairly thorough.3 o( M, p0 K: h: T! J6 W5 V
However, if we stress the adjective, then it emphasises that it was, indeed, X:5 Z3 h. m* M0 r
; v S D( G3 U5 f" k* v6 N2 eIt was pretty good.
/ {& a) N* K4 o( I$ Q& Y2 cIt was quite interesting.
- q# Z$ h, c& ]. L1 ^* gIt was rather long.
/ {2 @# z h; F( y: F0 OIt was fairly thorough. 8 A N$ z; B" u7 F- {" w
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/41285/the-usage-of-the-word-pretty-is-pretty-confusing" h# t! d# H) P/ Y
6 o1 u( i# h4 |0 d% X8 p美国英语里面,pretty也有这个问题,高低不定。所以美国人的解决办法是用重读来区分。书面语无法表示轻重,那就只能看上下文咯。7 C5 z- q9 e) s0 L5 B" d V
有些词典/材料一会儿说「高」一会儿说「低」,只是因为虚词本身就不好解释,反正母语者自己不会用错,所以就马马虎虎咯: v) C# `* s, I6 B0 H
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