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发表于 2019-3-22 09:41:37
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汉语里面的「相当」也好,「在一定程度上」也好,都是跟着英语学来的,当然不可能有什么「汉英差异」6 p; }5 Z$ N* y. L$ Q
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fair的本义是「公平」,relative的本义是「相对」,暗示两个事物有平等的地位& w3 {4 `/ o8 b. j* x3 c$ Z, J
8 o7 d$ r4 }% n/ ?所以做副词的 fairly 的意思就比较模糊,表达「像X,但也不是X到了极点」,到底是高还是低呢,其实并不是高低,而是说话人想把程度拉到一个他认为「合适」的地位。
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f+ z) X% y# X2 l8 c& V比如说:
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2 U4 T* ^$ o" L1 U$ `4 R: m# W) w5 i8 G在一定程度上缓解其合法性危机 —— 到底缓解没缓解啊?大概是缓解了50%?
! H w2 l0 H* Y' O9 A& k* L在一定程度上解决了学生的矛盾问题 —— 到底解决了没啊?反正就是这么模糊的,大概解决了50%?* N& K9 a4 G ]
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这个「合适」的地位,在具体语境下面,是高还是低,当然看上下文了:
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If we stress the adverb, it emphasises that it wasn't very, very good, very interesting, very short, or very thorough:# F5 Z+ p [% z! @% N7 N \4 }
2 ~- n# J8 l! u# |9 GIt was pretty good.$ ?4 V- P% {7 B7 P
It was quite interesting.0 w6 m+ Y. y( I* Y( l0 I) U* ]6 W
It was rather long." {: k" K* r9 q' v8 U- w1 S
It was fairly thorough.
* m1 e2 `) j& WHowever, if we stress the adjective, then it emphasises that it was, indeed, X:
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It was pretty good.; S* e1 z) L% ]5 d
It was quite interesting.
+ b N ^( G/ ^+ v9 o. ]It was rather long.6 J* o: L, S- w1 Z, U8 r9 M9 V) f
It was fairly thorough. : J+ [6 {: f3 i" @0 N- ^+ @
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/41285/the-usage-of-the-word-pretty-is-pretty-confusing7 O, C) T$ m9 z- }4 w$ ^' G
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美国英语里面,pretty也有这个问题,高低不定。所以美国人的解决办法是用重读来区分。书面语无法表示轻重,那就只能看上下文咯。
" r/ v3 X* |8 X有些词典/材料一会儿说「高」一会儿说「低」,只是因为虚词本身就不好解释,反正母语者自己不会用错,所以就马马虎虎咯
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