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发表于 2019-3-22 09:41:37
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汉语里面的「相当」也好,「在一定程度上」也好,都是跟着英语学来的,当然不可能有什么「汉英差异」
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fair的本义是「公平」,relative的本义是「相对」,暗示两个事物有平等的地位
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! C8 a o' u* ~4 K5 R所以做副词的 fairly 的意思就比较模糊,表达「像X,但也不是X到了极点」,到底是高还是低呢,其实并不是高低,而是说话人想把程度拉到一个他认为「合适」的地位。
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4 }. v& I! g+ U% P比如说:
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4 v( B% z* O, m1 {' v在一定程度上缓解其合法性危机 —— 到底缓解没缓解啊?大概是缓解了50%?
8 }/ f4 G$ m+ I8 P8 O4 z$ y在一定程度上解决了学生的矛盾问题 —— 到底解决了没啊?反正就是这么模糊的,大概解决了50%?" ]3 @5 E3 z% V* T3 y9 {8 ^
8 U/ b3 w% W0 W5 j- t这个「合适」的地位,在具体语境下面,是高还是低,当然看上下文了:
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! O/ q6 H. S3 Y% U, QIf we stress the adverb, it emphasises that it wasn't very, very good, very interesting, very short, or very thorough:# g- [8 Y3 {/ F* ^0 e
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It was pretty good.
& p1 j7 a/ x& e1 eIt was quite interesting.
/ V% P6 P/ L& X# w: Y4 B/ sIt was rather long.
5 `4 t$ S; o0 X& e9 ~$ O, ZIt was fairly thorough.
4 W& a+ a- ]$ {: d( N# A# E/ y: H. n( M; }However, if we stress the adjective, then it emphasises that it was, indeed, X:3 O% L u( M: r" N2 v. W( T5 a
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It was pretty good.& U. S" P6 H v! }! v* K: d- n s
It was quite interesting.
' m3 [7 \( T! v3 P. m( W$ kIt was rather long.0 b* e6 e. M1 W
It was fairly thorough.
+ [1 O: o5 r5 T) nhttps://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/41285/the-usage-of-the-word-pretty-is-pretty-confusing; ~, T, m$ v3 I5 t' C* G% k
: V; ^* z% V( r6 c# ]1 }( f0 q美国英语里面,pretty也有这个问题,高低不定。所以美国人的解决办法是用重读来区分。书面语无法表示轻重,那就只能看上下文咯。# |3 I! m2 x- b, ~
有些词典/材料一会儿说「高」一会儿说「低」,只是因为虚词本身就不好解释,反正母语者自己不会用错,所以就马马虎虎咯% g, }+ B4 U# P
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