TA的每日心情 | 怒
2019-9-29 20:45 |
|---|
签到天数: 37 天 [LV.5]常住居民I
|
发表于 2019-9-8 10:37:28
|
显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 张琴琴 于 2019-9-8 11:31 编辑
) X5 D& l7 E9 `& U' U7 Y3 |
7 n. J; x4 Z# x9 l9 z, y6 |' \! G; r: H首先要指出的是，最能体现出英语思维的地方就是“时态”的运用。英语对时间表达的精确性远胜过中文，这种英语思维在汉语中的天然缺失，使得国人对英语时态的学习要么不够重视，置之不理，要么异常艰难。
3 Q: P. f& }# V5 f8 i再者，所有英语时态的讨论只能建立在具体的语境中，任何孤立的句子都是没有意义的，完成时更是如此。楼主能提出这样的问题，说明注意力已经开始关注起英语中比较微妙的地方。
# h, a$ y, a6 j# `! \
! n, r9 ^' R' V8 E5 R8 I; s# `例:
1 N U* b+ K! A& S+ X# Y3 [2 \A:This young man must be no more than 30 years old. But he looks weather-beaten and tough.
$ P3 j" _; w, R9 ^$ c& fB: Yeah. He was born to a family of sailors. He has travelled all over the world.+ Q$ A( b2 M1 [; O- E) o1 v
这个对话中完成时的意义就是“他周游过全世界”。既不是正在周游，也不是近期在周游，而是表达出了一种已经走遍世界的结果，这一“成果”已经成了事实。
5 b |* E3 g! k/ L8 s8 {$ N! v0 g$ P2 y/ x6 \
例:
$ J3 L; N4 Q; v" I) K+ M+ gA: Morning, fella! Where's your brother Mike? I haven't seen him for a while." j$ x( D; ]5 a! a
B: Why, he is not at home. He has a long vacation every year. He is now travelling all over the world!! j2 D8 Z/ q% h1 E4 y3 l
这里当然不能用完成时。这里的进行时显然表达了Mike正在环游世界的过程中。
{2 \/ |4 Z8 U5 \# w. _7 _4 A( g' w$ m( \0 i
例:1 j6 \# ^: K3 _$ A3 F' _
A:I found in Charlie's bookcase a number of curious gismos and souvenir badges, most of which seem to have been bought in foreign countries. What has he been doing since he graduated?6 h- J& Z( y9 o* j
B:Why, didn't you know that? He has been travelling all over the world!' Y& W+ T$ d& T0 `
这里的现在完成进行时表达的是Charlie在从过去到现在的很长一段时间内，反复从事某个活动，即他这些年来反反复复的出国旅行。- r7 `+ ^! i$ a2 t8 B# W6 v
3 L. C+ ?0 K+ r, _3 G例:
- N% ~- n( A& X1 N! \: u* P4 X1 aZheng He, the legendary voyager of China's Ming Dynasty, travelled all over the world before the age of Columbus. Q0 B* |3 K! ^+ ~5 R
这里只是个人物介绍，所以只用过去式。6 w |! [0 ]7 {% C, c8 n$ O% U' Q: D
' f# @) j2 u% d, M7 ~: u1 e' A$ e例:; a# q8 X( O \/ \
He takes his beloved dog Queenie with him every time he travels all over the world.
3 y7 |8 {2 A8 W- u' t6 x `$ B一般现在时不一定就是“发生在现在的事情”，其本质思维是用于不受时间限制的动作。比如这个例句是在说”他每次周游世界都带上狗“。这里没有以前，现在和将来的时间概念。* C: V1 X8 Z# q# ]3 N5 e; r; R0 Q
$ Z" R5 }' k5 ^; Q/ g" O
; F8 F6 w! M4 y; x
3 U2 t' e* m9 R n
$ k& J: j. j. _# r2 D! m
) b# O0 f' Y& y- P1 {4 V
& H: _# U% l6 m' v; K- D* [, J |
|
楼主