TA的每日心情 | 怒 2019-9-29 20:45 |
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签到天数: 37 天 [LV.5]常住居民I
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发表于 2019-9-8 10:37:28
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本帖最后由 张琴琴 于 2019-9-8 11:31 编辑
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首先要指出的是,最能体现出英语思维的地方就是“时态”的运用。英语对时间表达的精确性远胜过中文,这种英语思维在汉语中的天然缺失,使得国人对英语时态的学习要么不够重视,置之不理,要么异常艰难。
5 @$ M9 S8 p4 \& L9 K再者,所有英语时态的讨论只能建立在具体的语境中,任何孤立的句子都是没有意义的,完成时更是如此。楼主能提出这样的问题,说明注意力已经开始关注起英语中比较微妙的地方。
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# {' n5 l& m% e. S, l例:
( W& m& Q! Q. |A:This young man must be no more than 30 years old. But he looks weather-beaten and tough.
6 K: N3 h& S6 }$ A: f, [) \) nB: Yeah. He was born to a family of sailors. He has travelled all over the world.
9 F" N4 m g) q* q$ y这个对话中完成时的意义就是“他周游过全世界”。既不是正在周游,也不是近期在周游,而是表达出了一种已经走遍世界的结果,这一“成果”已经成了事实。
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, S q5 E8 s: q D3 }A: Morning, fella! Where's your brother Mike? I haven't seen him for a while.
4 r4 v& J4 h) o+ ~3 _7 W1 F# E# xB: Why, he is not at home. He has a long vacation every year. He is now travelling all over the world!6 x8 V! A, R2 r9 I9 h0 j
这里当然不能用完成时。这里的进行时显然表达了Mike正在环游世界的过程中。) ]( P/ m1 e- X" `7 D# ~9 U" C( M
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A:I found in Charlie's bookcase a number of curious gismos and souvenir badges, most of which seem to have been bought in foreign countries. What has he been doing since he graduated?0 ~3 L+ U; m" S0 n5 u8 H! i6 I5 W
B:Why, didn't you know that? He has been travelling all over the world!2 E8 B9 K( w# u3 b# N
这里的现在完成进行时表达的是Charlie在从过去到现在的很长一段时间内,反复从事某个活动,即他这些年来反反复复的出国旅行。
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% P# Q4 ?3 y% l) H8 T* rZheng He, the legendary voyager of China's Ming Dynasty, travelled all over the world before the age of Columbus.
* D" z C" I( ^0 _+ L6 o这里只是个人物介绍,所以只用过去式。& ], U8 `7 V1 \
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/ c7 E1 B2 u# |( V8 Z8 |, HHe takes his beloved dog Queenie with him every time he travels all over the world.6 f/ x$ T& }* M, C
一般现在时不一定就是“发生在现在的事情”,其本质思维是用于不受时间限制的动作。比如这个例句是在说”他每次周游世界都带上狗“。这里没有以前,现在和将来的时间概念。7 M' ]; P, j" l- U( q
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