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本帖最后由 逆风的香 于 2019-4-12 10:47 编辑 : ]9 f$ I7 f& q/ N
, y, `0 ^9 e3 K" b& T这并不是一个吸睛的标题。% N7 s" C9 z+ E8 x8 n; A
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确实是有多部词典把histogram和bar chart弄混了,两个其实不同种类的图表。histogram是直方图,用来描述非离散变量(non-discrete variable)的分布情况,数据类型多为等比、等距的(如年龄、分数段);而bar chart是柱状图,用来描述的分类变量(categorical variable)的分布情况,数据类型多为称名(nominal)和顺序(ordinal)性质,如性别、国籍、名次等。最直观的区别是,直方图中长度不一的纵向条之间没有间隙,而柱状图的纵向条之间是有间隙的。(请看下图)- z, K) D8 Q0 d3 @! V; x
" s6 V( G0 Q7 A3 Y然而,很多原文词典里直接将histogram解释为等同于bar chart,如
g' E( A1 p( H+ J; a3 Y: z* RLongman5
: t. o1 J9 S: C( V- l6 T1 KHistogram:A bar chart Oxford Advanced Learner's E-C dictionary& F1 x* t! ~) [5 U
& r3 g5 s: `; N2 {' E+ I+ nHistogram: bar chart Cambridge4
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; B5 ]7 j/ k% VHistogram: a bar chart 1 i# W- n. l. K
有些原文词典解释不够精确,无法作出区分,如:$ c9 M* _& O* S1 t( k% ?9 W
Chambers13
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A statistical graph in which frequency distribution is shown by means of rectangles 6 X. h; s8 Z T; \( x$ X
有些原文解释够精确,但中文翻译弄混了,如:! _6 y: M! N" k' s/ M$ q
牛高8
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a diagram which uses rectangles (= bars) of different heights (and sometimes different widths) to show different amounts, so that they can be compared 条形图,柱形图(以不同长度的粗线条表示不同数量以作比较)
: ]; S2 W- r- o% F➔ compare bar chart ! x1 r- `: h/ l+ x7 b
目前我手头的词典,只有新牛津、牛高8原文部分、麦克米伦原文词典、Merriam-Webster和OED2的解释比较好。列举部分:+ U& ]2 l& J# a$ L! j
Merriam-Webster& L% G1 G% q% l: ~3 J: F4 ]9 B6 ] o
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a representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals and whose areas are proportional to the corresponding frequencies 新牛津- @* z1 x' [9 a/ a3 s0 Q! S% `
6 t" W- s5 E2 t0 P" n# N<Statistics> a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.〔统计〕矩形图,直方图。
5 ]; R1 y$ }! i; m$ M( l- n最后给出一张从Key differences网站上复制了一个对比表格,可以更清晰地看出二者的区别:
2 @0 T5 M3 `1 u+ O Basis for Comparison | Histogram | Bar graph | Meaning | Histogram refers to a graphical representation, that displays data by way of bars to show the frequency of numerical data. | Bar graph is a pictorial representation of data that uses bars to compare different categories of data. | Indicates | Distribution of non-discrete variables | Comparison of discrete variables | Presents | Quantitative data | Categorical data | Spaces | Bars touch each other, hence there are no spaces between bars | Bars do not touch each other, hence there are spaces between bars. | Elements | Elements are grouped together, so that they are considered as ranges. | Elements are taken as individual entities. * K5 s5 F n7 ~
| Can bars be reordered? | No | Yes | Width of bars | Need not to be same | Same1 F( H R3 i$ @+ Z; s& m; j) `
| (表格来源:Key differences)
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