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本帖最后由 逆风的香 于 2019-4-12 10:47 编辑 5 ?& d; \! G6 r7 I: O$ j
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这并不是一个吸睛的标题。2 ]3 S+ |4 U4 l- E0 M, g" k( \
- J; i( }) L4 {# }确实是有多部词典把histogram和bar chart弄混了,两个其实不同种类的图表。histogram是直方图,用来描述非离散变量(non-discrete variable)的分布情况,数据类型多为等比、等距的(如年龄、分数段);而bar chart是柱状图,用来描述的分类变量(categorical variable)的分布情况,数据类型多为称名(nominal)和顺序(ordinal)性质,如性别、国籍、名次等。最直观的区别是,直方图中长度不一的纵向条之间没有间隙,而柱状图的纵向条之间是有间隙的。(请看下图)
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" h$ f* F) U% P3 D. v) Z然而,很多原文词典里直接将histogram解释为等同于bar chart,如8 g& O) y7 _7 ~4 H3 e
Longman5
" {/ c6 ]5 M5 c. _Histogram:A bar chart Oxford Advanced Learner's E-C dictionary
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Histogram: bar chart Cambridge44 [4 p( r" [( C- Z( h
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Histogram: a bar chart
' T9 v' o' k6 H1 r7 V$ g2 j有些原文词典解释不够精确,无法作出区分,如:! W% t# l* w5 u/ R% a1 w
Chambers13
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A statistical graph in which frequency distribution is shown by means of rectangles 2 H$ ]8 t9 H. R; J4 t6 S; X
有些原文解释够精确,但中文翻译弄混了,如:* E4 z/ ^8 W7 K' [. s
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a diagram which uses rectangles (= bars) of different heights (and sometimes different widths) to show different amounts, so that they can be compared 条形图,柱形图(以不同长度的粗线条表示不同数量以作比较)
$ L# m; x0 W( U: o! o) S➔ compare bar chart
+ t3 d G" M. I2 O0 A0 I目前我手头的词典,只有新牛津、牛高8原文部分、麦克米伦原文词典、Merriam-Webster和OED2的解释比较好。列举部分:9 W; z6 v9 r# J
Merriam-Webster5 l" a7 M& ]4 B* Y9 d4 g
+ V: S0 v. G W0 K- D a representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals and whose areas are proportional to the corresponding frequencies 新牛津7 a/ z8 ~/ S7 r2 [
' p# q; b v# j9 T0 {; ?<Statistics> a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.〔统计〕矩形图,直方图。 ( G4 J* A3 R* h5 x4 L1 y
最后给出一张从Key differences网站上复制了一个对比表格,可以更清晰地看出二者的区别:5 H+ w% x! P5 p6 g% H) K
Basis for Comparison | Histogram | Bar graph | Meaning | Histogram refers to a graphical representation, that displays data by way of bars to show the frequency of numerical data. | Bar graph is a pictorial representation of data that uses bars to compare different categories of data. | Indicates | Distribution of non-discrete variables | Comparison of discrete variables | Presents | Quantitative data | Categorical data | Spaces | Bars touch each other, hence there are no spaces between bars | Bars do not touch each other, hence there are spaces between bars. | Elements | Elements are grouped together, so that they are considered as ranges. | Elements are taken as individual entities.
; W9 E, D, o3 f0 |$ T1 ~8 a$ d | Can bars be reordered? | No | Yes | Width of bars | Need not to be same | Same/ k% w" T. T, t7 g4 s3 s& Y
| (表格来源:Key differences)9 R! ?; B$ w% j8 Z; M" B
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