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本帖最后由 逆风的香 于 2019-4-12 10:47 编辑 " s/ y' O# l& O4 F6 a% G
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这并不是一个吸睛的标题。
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* y5 Q+ J' Y0 ~3 l2 \) n4 W0 O确实是有多部词典把histogram和bar chart弄混了，两个其实不同种类的图表。histogram是直方图，用来描述非离散变量（non-discrete variable）的分布情况，数据类型多为等比、等距的（如年龄、分数段）；而bar chart是柱状图，用来描述的分类变量（categorical variable）的分布情况，数据类型多为称名（nominal）和顺序（ordinal）性质，如性别、国籍、名次等。最直观的区别是，直方图中长度不一的纵向条之间没有间隙，而柱状图的纵向条之间是有间隙的。（请看下图）5 c3 L0 o! I& L
1 b/ J' @$ N3 ^- i$ l3 y3 R然而，很多原文词典里直接将histogram解释为等同于bar chart，如5 I N0 }. }4 y; m( N c$ Q) i
Longman5: }+ ?' ~: c/ `$ Z/ N, f2 a
Histogram：A bar chart Oxford Advanced Learner's E-C dictionary
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Histogram: bar chart Cambridge4
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Histogram: a bar chart
, T7 @5 [ Z& d& P+ [6 Q有些原文词典解释不够精确，无法作出区分，如：
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A statistical graph in which frequency distribution is shown by means of rectangles
5 r5 v `: k6 P6 l. R" P, J有些原文解释够精确，但中文翻译弄混了，如：$ ? t4 G! S! g' O* c
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" N. [( @. B' |0 C3 c' xa diagram which uses rectangles (= bars) of different heights (and sometimes different widths) to show different amounts, so that they can be compared 条形图，柱形图（以不同长度的粗线条表示不同数量以作比较）
1 U! u: o7 A0 a+ K% W& ^➔ compare bar chart
目前我手头的词典，只有新牛津、牛高8原文部分、麦克米伦原文词典、Merriam-Webster和OED2的解释比较好。列举部分：
' X$ N4 U7 m, T0 v' |) w# M [Merriam-Webster
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a representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals and whose areas are proportional to the corresponding frequencies 新牛津
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5 t% }7 B) `6 P7 y/ ~7 \<Statistics> a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.〔统计〕矩形图，直方图。
}/ [$ K( z4 d3 J0 w* R0 |最后给出一张从Key differences网站上复制了一个对比表格，可以更清晰地看出二者的区别：
9 v& P: N! v/ w! ?2 t( d' a+ u| Basis for Comparison | Histogram | Bar graph | | Meaning | Histogram refers to a graphical representation, that displays data by way of bars to show the frequency of numerical data. | Bar graph is a pictorial representation of data that uses bars to compare different categories of data. | | Indicates | Distribution of non-discrete variables | Comparison of discrete variables | | Presents | Quantitative data | Categorical data | | Spaces | Bars touch each other, hence there are no spaces between bars | Bars do not touch each other, hence there are spaces between bars. | | Elements | Elements are grouped together, so that they are considered as ranges. | Elements are taken as individual entities. + A2 [$ w' V* c- a
| | Can bars be reordered? | No | Yes | | Width of bars | Need not to be same | Same
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（表格来源：Key differences)
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发表于 2019-4-11 19:05:16
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