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本帖最后由 逆风的香 于 2019-4-12 10:47 编辑
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这并不是一个吸睛的标题。
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确实是有多部词典把histogram和bar chart弄混了，两个其实不同种类的图表。histogram是直方图，用来描述非离散变量（non-discrete variable）的分布情况，数据类型多为等比、等距的（如年龄、分数段）；而bar chart是柱状图，用来描述的分类变量（categorical variable）的分布情况，数据类型多为称名（nominal）和顺序（ordinal）性质，如性别、国籍、名次等。最直观的区别是，直方图中长度不一的纵向条之间没有间隙，而柱状图的纵向条之间是有间隙的。（请看下图）4 U5 X5 k3 _" J, u) z
# F8 _ X. h% K9 {4 t然而，很多原文词典里直接将histogram解释为等同于bar chart，如( C8 j0 X$ g- K- a) |# @5 C- {
Longman5
) a! i9 G6 c/ w1 LHistogram：A bar chart Oxford Advanced Learner's E-C dictionary+ J* N+ l6 G: n! q' c
1 q9 Z% f6 p8 @) D* D& ?* XHistogram: bar chart Cambridge4
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Histogram: a bar chart
; y$ y1 b7 \, r- _有些原文词典解释不够精确，无法作出区分，如： w" {8 e$ |! j* K [/ o! w, t
Chambers13% z5 Z& x) H) O) q n! G
y* b" ^ h8 \- O$ _. u- XA statistical graph in which frequency distribution is shown by means of rectangles
+ u G6 r2 x0 p2 M有些原文解释够精确，但中文翻译弄混了，如：
5 ^9 {; j6 \+ e5 W W" ]牛高8
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a diagram which uses rectangles (= bars) of different heights (and sometimes different widths) to show different amounts, so that they can be compared 条形图，柱形图（以不同长度的粗线条表示不同数量以作比较）4 F3 {9 C& l) o" `" l8 X
➔ compare bar chart
# I( v' n+ C0 F! Y目前我手头的词典，只有新牛津、牛高8原文部分、麦克米伦原文词典、Merriam-Webster和OED2的解释比较好。列举部分：, b, G2 b! Y# B; P' z
Merriam-Webster
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a representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals and whose areas are proportional to the corresponding frequencies 新牛津
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& x% w+ P0 X1 _! b' E<Statistics> a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.〔统计〕矩形图，直方图。
最后给出一张从Key differences网站上复制了一个对比表格，可以更清晰地看出二者的区别：
+ B7 A% f8 B+ X# U" g' M| Basis for Comparison | Histogram | Bar graph | | Meaning | Histogram refers to a graphical representation, that displays data by way of bars to show the frequency of numerical data. | Bar graph is a pictorial representation of data that uses bars to compare different categories of data. | | Indicates | Distribution of non-discrete variables | Comparison of discrete variables | | Presents | Quantitative data | Categorical data | | Spaces | Bars touch each other, hence there are no spaces between bars | Bars do not touch each other, hence there are spaces between bars. | | Elements | Elements are grouped together, so that they are considered as ranges. | Elements are taken as individual entities.
, z E! l7 ?' F0 U3 `) A1 x7 ^8 I | | Can bars be reordered? | No | Yes | | Width of bars | Need not to be same | Same! s+ a) z3 K4 a; U6 _+ ]8 k \4 q
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（表格来源：Key differences)7 ?6 Y) b. Z; a% a) Q1 e6 `
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发表于 2019-4-11 19:05:16
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