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本帖最后由 逆风的香 于 2019-4-12 10:47 编辑
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这并不是一个吸睛的标题。/ t; q* y9 c# w1 M- ?3 \5 u; p
/ X% p' S/ v. C) b$ M) ?% ~确实是有多部词典把histogram和bar chart弄混了，两个其实不同种类的图表。histogram是直方图，用来描述非离散变量（non-discrete variable）的分布情况，数据类型多为等比、等距的（如年龄、分数段）；而bar chart是柱状图，用来描述的分类变量（categorical variable）的分布情况，数据类型多为称名（nominal）和顺序（ordinal）性质，如性别、国籍、名次等。最直观的区别是，直方图中长度不一的纵向条之间没有间隙，而柱状图的纵向条之间是有间隙的。（请看下图）
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" n& r6 w6 B7 p1 w2 y9 v然而，很多原文词典里直接将histogram解释为等同于bar chart，如" n% ]" V2 q# q4 y+ x" x# c
Longman5
8 y+ Q" G( q @) V% |1 ]Histogram：A bar chart Oxford Advanced Learner's E-C dictionary
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Histogram: bar chart Cambridge4
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Histogram: a bar chart
有些原文词典解释不够精确，无法作出区分，如：/ J! \( l9 v& A6 ]; W$ p# }! M/ R
Chambers132 y& [- u1 n! v) }( O2 ^% K: W8 L
% d5 j! ^/ `/ e5 W$ X! c$ ?$ TA statistical graph in which frequency distribution is shown by means of rectangles
( X% M8 f: A" N0 S3 ] Q6 y有些原文解释够精确，但中文翻译弄混了，如：
7 Z- q* B; g7 Z5 w牛高8* F5 v \0 S3 C6 x( o; Y7 x
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a diagram which uses rectangles (= bars) of different heights (and sometimes different widths) to show different amounts, so that they can be compared 条形图，柱形图（以不同长度的粗线条表示不同数量以作比较）
; B6 O, ^7 N5 V8 I! V➔ compare bar chart
" k- h* R; T* E: t6 K目前我手头的词典，只有新牛津、牛高8原文部分、麦克米伦原文词典、Merriam-Webster和OED2的解释比较好。列举部分：
+ q7 k7 [ a$ ~8 S$ U9 {2 fMerriam-Webster1 J0 i( m8 P0 r1 Q5 f8 r4 {2 W
! d) ~$ V/ f `5 [! ~+ a2 D1 j a representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals and whose areas are proportional to the corresponding frequencies 新牛津& k" v( f& H7 T
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<Statistics> a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.〔统计〕矩形图，直方图。
# J. x) `! d, j; C5 L9 a最后给出一张从Key differences网站上复制了一个对比表格，可以更清晰地看出二者的区别：0 O: O t( u ?. l2 {# z* l; p
| Basis for Comparison | Histogram | Bar graph | | Meaning | Histogram refers to a graphical representation, that displays data by way of bars to show the frequency of numerical data. | Bar graph is a pictorial representation of data that uses bars to compare different categories of data. | | Indicates | Distribution of non-discrete variables | Comparison of discrete variables | | Presents | Quantitative data | Categorical data | | Spaces | Bars touch each other, hence there are no spaces between bars | Bars do not touch each other, hence there are spaces between bars. | | Elements | Elements are grouped together, so that they are considered as ranges. | Elements are taken as individual entities.
# Z2 J4 V& e+ O8 _, X | | Can bars be reordered? | No | Yes | | Width of bars | Need not to be same | Same. r n+ S2 J8 Y2 m
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（表格来源：Key differences)
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发表于 2019-4-11 19:05:16
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