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本帖最后由 逆风的香 于 2019-4-12 10:47 编辑 4 ?2 Y9 S0 P+ D- t; P" p0 b
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这并不是一个吸睛的标题。9 V# ~# m9 y5 P4 p5 w% r
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确实是有多部词典把histogram和bar chart弄混了，两个其实不同种类的图表。histogram是直方图，用来描述非离散变量（non-discrete variable）的分布情况，数据类型多为等比、等距的（如年龄、分数段）；而bar chart是柱状图，用来描述的分类变量（categorical variable）的分布情况，数据类型多为称名（nominal）和顺序（ordinal）性质，如性别、国籍、名次等。最直观的区别是，直方图中长度不一的纵向条之间没有间隙，而柱状图的纵向条之间是有间隙的。（请看下图）5 S. F- e% M, ^: D( o! x7 {
) l7 i S1 I/ u然而，很多原文词典里直接将histogram解释为等同于bar chart，如* G2 d" a$ T6 \1 R" N* d, a5 g/ x
Longman53 t4 D5 a3 R& F6 m3 }7 @; A. `
Histogram：A bar chart Oxford Advanced Learner's E-C dictionary
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6 @0 K9 K$ f8 I0 v/ f/ HHistogram: bar chart Cambridge4
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* i/ v4 h; H" y) L: V0 [. QHistogram: a bar chart
有些原文词典解释不够精确，无法作出区分，如：
; U n9 G8 `) U' U$ CChambers131 i4 \; h4 ?/ f* }; \& L
- A, y C& I! M! j) q. r3 F! S; @A statistical graph in which frequency distribution is shown by means of rectangles
有些原文解释够精确，但中文翻译弄混了，如：
* W* I9 C$ I. {, r牛高82 t' B% g/ x; a- n; [+ y
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a diagram which uses rectangles (= bars) of different heights (and sometimes different widths) to show different amounts, so that they can be compared 条形图，柱形图（以不同长度的粗线条表示不同数量以作比较）1 g0 u8 A& ?8 I* N* n
➔ compare bar chart
+ L8 K8 k9 Q1 C3 |( x( w) } T8 g: s目前我手头的词典，只有新牛津、牛高8原文部分、麦克米伦原文词典、Merriam-Webster和OED2的解释比较好。列举部分：
- O }% t) x- a5 UMerriam-Webster& n+ x( S3 h: B0 V
" I6 }' I9 i! D a representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals and whose areas are proportional to the corresponding frequencies 新牛津
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. d' A- [3 d( D' M" F" D<Statistics> a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.〔统计〕矩形图，直方图。
& S! E- T* {9 D% B最后给出一张从Key differences网站上复制了一个对比表格，可以更清晰地看出二者的区别：
2 n+ H1 i" R% j) v1 w: x1 _| Basis for Comparison | Histogram | Bar graph | | Meaning | Histogram refers to a graphical representation, that displays data by way of bars to show the frequency of numerical data. | Bar graph is a pictorial representation of data that uses bars to compare different categories of data. | | Indicates | Distribution of non-discrete variables | Comparison of discrete variables | | Presents | Quantitative data | Categorical data | | Spaces | Bars touch each other, hence there are no spaces between bars | Bars do not touch each other, hence there are spaces between bars. | | Elements | Elements are grouped together, so that they are considered as ranges. | Elements are taken as individual entities.
S$ N5 X4 d9 I8 n! _" T | | Can bars be reordered? | No | Yes | | Width of bars | Need not to be same | Same
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（表格来源：Key differences)
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发表于 2019-4-11 19:05:16
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