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发表于 2017-11-1 03:09:19
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渔夫和妖怪 发表于 2017-10-27 10:43
; G0 G8 s# r2 J- ], hIt’s thought that there is as much as 10 times the amount of gas in methane hydrates than in shale ... 8 [8 n9 C* I# k! `: K0 ~& }
之前写回复的时候想着讨论下面的内容的来的,后来忘记了,这里再来讨论一下。
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$ K5 [ T) @+ U4 x“渔夫和妖怪”典友在9楼的讨论中提出了相反的意见,认为原句是正确的,并且提出COCA语料库上的用例来作为证据。$ h6 Z, U6 B c, k; h) j0 O
1 ^9 g# C2 I: V我推测“渔夫”网友是没有仔细看我前面的回复,或者是因为认为 ...times... than... 这个结构是正确的,而据此认为原句是正确的。# y" s. B9 f' v
Y) j$ G) F- y* J/ R9 O我前面的回复中谈到了,我和前面提到的“质疑者” 认为原句有问题,不是对其中的 as...as...结构 和 比较级 + than 结构有疑问(后者之前忘记讨论了),而是因为其把这种两种结构组合在一起,并且没有安排好整体的结构。现在发现这种看法仍然有讨论的必要。# t0 M: C2 M4 f8 v6 `
* y% D# u, Y! P& sas much as 和 比较级 + than 这两种结构都是常用的比较结构。现在来谈谈后一种结构。7 X M7 p- r ]# o5 K
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一、as...as... 结构结构既可以表示数量的相等,- y7 A) {: ]! _' i( B
1 g, }, S% u2 w$ d% I) M$ r7 |6 }This book is as thick as that one.9 Y5 o9 W' p: t8 q% R
; Z( _) b8 p. C: U0 w, v/ K也可以表示倍数关系 (乘法):3 e5 J( X% N* C( n, l8 a
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This book is three times as thick as that one. % n3 Z5 D- ~2 I0 k5 P, l
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(= This book is three times the thickness of that one. )
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( = 【spoken, nonstandard】 This book is three times thicker than that one). # q& }8 w+ ]# Z U
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也可以与个别**语连用,表示加法:& W* J# e1 p, e, W1 `1 s" j5 a
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My ticket costs half again as much as your ticket.
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二、用于数量比较时,than一般用于表示不等的关系,因此长与比较级连用:
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This book is thciker than that one.
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/ O, k" d" j6 {" PThis book is a third thicker than that one(加法).
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4 q G- Q+ o: s2 k5 |3 u如上所述,表示倍数的用法是不规范的(尽管很常见),具体讨论见下。
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/ Z" @+ C; g' [* Y5 s% c! r- c0 |但是,由于类推的作用,在**(尤其是美式**)中出现了用than代替as(表示不等关系)的用法:
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' h8 u( F- A: Y% b" Qthree times as much as (conj.)... < three times as much than (conj.)...( {* O8 F8 \& {7 f& ]
' ]( _( t. S* z0 _. {3 ]- g0 xAccording to ** for Good, an organization that advocates for sustainable ** construction, a ton of bricks requires <four times the amount of energy> to produce <as> a ton of sawn soft**; concrete requires five times, steel 24 times, and aluminum 126 times.& w9 Q+ ~ o( l/ ]* O- S
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Those people on Prime also happen to spend< three times the amount> < as> regular Amazon shoppers.
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以上两例用的是AS,均出现于美国媒体。5 }2 }4 {) |0 t. g5 ^6 V. ]$ n) \
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But by one estimate, that's five times the amount -- five times less the amount than was bet online# l3 O5 k: i5 H4 d) ^. I7 t
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: I) f; ]- m/ q5 m! DIn fact, independent studies have looked at our respective plans and have concluded that I provide three times the amount of tax relief to middle-class families than Senator McCain does.0 h, s9 L0 h! I, q; n1 G
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以上两例用的是 than, 都出自美国总统精选电视辩论。可见,尽管这种用法是不规范的,但是已经相当程度上被接受了。" T2 q! H& d; E. `! T
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But by one estimate, that's five times the amount -- five times less the amount than was bet online.- U+ U) _- x! z" q0 k
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这一句用的也是than,同样出自美国媒体。
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4 m* P9 X0 K5 |& o; V4 N$ j+ z【顺便说一下,和 times (more) than... 一样,times less than... 也是不规范的用法,而且这种用法很糟糕,尽管并非罕见。相似的,汉语中“A比B少几倍”也是不被认可的用法,(“少”与“倍”意思互相冲突),也是并不罕见的错误用法】。
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4 i( N) x6 p$ Z至此,我们基本上可以得出这么个结论:times...as... than (应为as) 是不规范的用法,但是已经在相当程度上被接受了。
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; Z, o% s5 O+ A/ v( y B* U! X" c. @由此看来,引出讨论的那个原句,问题也正是在这里。 |
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