if从句一般现在时，主句是现在过去完成时， 怎么理解呢

enti

经济学人 <The world trading system is under attack> 中的一句话有点困惑，这是虚拟语气么？ 怎么理解这句话的意思呢？

And since 1995, if one member suspects another of rule-breaking, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.

yangxiups

they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.

这是使役动词后接宾补的情况，heard是动词的过去分词作宾补，
they   have       had            the case  heard      by the WTO’s panel of judges.
主语   助动词    使役动词     宾语        宾补        补充说明听证会的具体情况

fellboy

if one member suspects another of rule-breaking 在这儿可以理解为一个状语从句插入语。就像 if you like; as I know it... 一样。
  _' E2 r* i# x8 Q3 G. N6 ]5 h所以句子也就成了：And since 1995, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.   ^ ^

enti

啊，明白了， 非常感谢

leeson0219

应该不是虚拟语气，也不是”现在过去完成时"（有这种时态？i'm not sure)“，句子的意思很好理解，强调的是过去的一种事实、实际情况，所以if从句用一般现在时，主句用现在完成时。（本人臆测，不知语法书上是怎么解释的，不作参考）

enti

是了， have had 是现在完成时， heard应该不是动词， 是我搞错了

Engdict

yangxiups 发表于 2018-7-24 11:55
they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.
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$ w. b+ Y9 Z0 u7 H0 M4 N这是使役动词后接宾补的情况，heard是动 ...

6 y2 j! ~: ^7 u% }0 B: D' `/ w完全同意你的分析。

enti

感谢各位大大
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1 X8 |* w0 R' ~9 D由此也知道了 if 条件句中的zero conditional, 可以用 when(whenever) 来替换 if.

因为把它看成一个事实，所以条件句和主句都用一般现在时。

; o/ x! `" X- `" d我简单摘抄一下原文

6 o- j9 l, L6 {) O例句：If you heat ice, it melts.

* x' T  q$ F3 ^0 G“Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is an absolute certainty. ”
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“ The important thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result. ”
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And since 1995, if one member suspects another of rule-breaking, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.  然后可能是因为since， 所以这里用现在完成时而不是一般现在时
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