if从句一般现在时，主句是现在过去完成时， 怎么理解呢

enti

经济学人 <The world trading system is under attack> 中的一句话有点困惑，这是虚拟语气么？ 怎么理解这句话的意思呢？

And since 1995, if one member suspects another of rule-breaking, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.

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yangxiups

they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.

2 f1 N4 J& D: z2 O& G* x5 g5 F3 t这是使役动词后接宾补的情况，heard是动词的过去分词作宾补，
they   have       had            the case  heard      by the WTO’s panel of judges.
1 f# y1 I( }+ w8 M. ^4 \+ K9 ? 主语   助动词    使役动词     宾语        宾补        补充说明听证会的具体情况

fellboy

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if one member suspects another of rule-breaking 在这儿可以理解为一个状语从句插入语。就像 if you like; as I know it... 一样。
所以句子也就成了：And since 1995, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.   ^ ^

enti

啊，明白了， 非常感谢

leeson0219

应该不是虚拟语气，也不是”现在过去完成时"（有这种时态？i'm not sure)“，句子的意思很好理解，强调的是过去的一种事实、实际情况，所以if从句用一般现在时，主句用现在完成时。（本人臆测，不知语法书上是怎么解释的，不作参考）

enti

是了， have had 是现在完成时， heard应该不是动词， 是我搞错了

Engdict

yangxiups 发表于 2018-7-24 11:55
0 M4 ?$ N, l" Z: U+ B$ @( V8 nthey have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.
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$ y8 D5 \) i1 i! q* W3 m这是使役动词后接宾补的情况，heard是动 ...

% k2 K9 l/ O5 P* L完全同意你的分析。

enti

感谢各位大大
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由此也知道了 if 条件句中的zero conditional, 可以用 when(whenever) 来替换 if.
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因为把它看成一个事实，所以条件句和主句都用一般现在时。

/ \- k- M* ?5 T2 ~; J2 M: f4 V我简单摘抄一下原文

) p" y5 \, C0 `例句：If you heat ice, it melts.
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“Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is an absolute certainty. ”
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; C  B# Y" I# h/ ~  y/ |“ The important thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result. ”
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+ T+ ]4 L7 B( X' l  dAnd since 1995, if one member suspects another of rule-breaking, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.  然后可能是因为since， 所以这里用现在完成时而不是一般现在时

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