抽象词的理解及其释义例句语境情境 及语感的一些浅见

txjben

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抽象词的理解及其释义例句语境情境 及语感的一些浅见
# \* g) z( S5 c3 L/ f! O这是我在词典求助里的一个帖子，我觉得也适用于讨论如何学习抽象词汇。
8 C! W, U9 n# x% F（那篇帖子是求推荐词典的，地址是https://www.pdawiki.com/forum/fo ... 1&extra=#pid1175484）
帖子部分如下：
对于很多抽象词汇来说，ESL词典基本上都解释不清楚，有偏差，而母语词典的释义有时通过同样难度的抽象词来相互解释，或者解释的也很难理解。在不看中文释义的情况下，只能通过大量的情境来帮助理解。
$ D5 ^$ _6 U! a2 N, G: [) D# `% _incidentlly, 我个人觉得其实很多中文的抽象词仅仅通过词典的释义其实也很难理解，就像骄傲，傲慢，高傲，孤高，骄横，清高，高冷，高兴，喜悦，愉悦，欢快，欢喜，这些其实你让我解释我也解释不出来，这些都是在生活阅读的情境中理解的，各种情境中遇到的多了，大概心里就明白这个词的本质内涵和外延了，甚至碰到新的情境也就会运用了。
# }' J* B: q+ ]/ @- z. Q5 k& E当然这种明白的本质内涵和外延，往往是一种模糊的感觉，我觉得这可能就是很多人说的语感，比如grand, magnificent, imposing, stately, majestic，这些词让我解释，我也解释不出来。
- M: b- |0 X0 K5 p2 g- Y但是我心里有感觉，一提到这些词，就能想到这些词的模糊的情境，碰到情境也知道用。
很多词典的例句的语境与单词的释义联系并不紧密。
9 L) s+ ^+ I& N而wordmyth的例句可以看出是精心挑选或创作的。它们的语境极强，非常能帮助学习者理解词义。
如：prej·u·dice
He was surprised to see the high level of technology being used and produced in these countries as his prejudice had been that these were backward nations.
如e·bul·lient：
  h' W/ p6 L" d! T4 N6 _5 c6 jThe crowd gave an ebullient cheer.
2 Q1 F8 G" ~3 h1 G% b! Q7 u$ k  E1 pThe ebullient personality of Theodore Roosevelt made him a popular president.
, M& {: Z. ^' H1 h' Y* DAfter learning of her promotion, she was in an ebullient mood.
如：pride
Though they were poor, they had pride, and nothing could make them feel ashamed.
Her recent triumphs in gymnastics filled her with pride.
如：arrogantThese wealthy and arrogant foreigners had lived in the country for years without attempting to learn a word of the native language.
Tyrants are arrogant at a level beyond most other humans.