时态的使用问题

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韦氏online有这样一个例句
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' n& g" ]" i1 O5 h1 o) KShe had always dreamed of writing a novel, but she never actually put pen to paper.

请问这句话前半句用了完成时，而后半句用了过去式，是为什么啊？
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神之一手

可能我的表述体与时分开说，有些朋友并不理解。
% h7 U8 T+ W, X; M时态是体态与时态的结合。简单来说时态(Tense)=体(Aspect)+时(Time)，体表示动作发生的状态或者方式，时表示运动发生的时间。所以过去完成时是要分开对待，是指have done这一完成体，强调其完成状态，而这动作如果发生在过去，则为过去完成时had done. 因此过去完成时是过去时间与完成体的合并称谓。同理，一般体do与过去时间发生，合起来称谓一般过去时，也就是did.
关于体与时是分开的，有时可以这样表达：时间在变，方式不变。
  a/ z+ @& P4 x0 i3 f比如：
I am reading right now.
6 v. }! n6 [/ Q) [+ w$ Y! x/ rI was reading when you called me last night.
0 H8 g# w# o7 iI will be reading at this time tomorrow night.
因此，体与时是分开说的，但表达客观世界真实动作时，我们合并起来表达。

sakylawa

经过各位细致的讲解，本来对时态就很渣的我更加搞不懂了

神之一手

7 a0 `4 h! g/ h! v" b) b
' E' ~  O) M0 K+ [8 C/ I6 k" h+ U% C时态的理解要从其本质上出发。

完成体的功能是要强调有过这么一个完成状态。句中时间为过去，所以强调过去曾经有过这么一个完成状态，也就是梦想过。用完成体之所以强调这个完成状态，是为了引出下半句。
而后半句用的是一般体，一般体的功能只是客观表述事实，不带感情，没有掺加进人的成分，只表达事件发生而已。
& @) ^% |2 I4 o; H( F. n5 k举个例子你就理解了：
1. He had finished his homework before he played PC games.
) r" x0 S- }3 K: D6 q1 }2. He finished his homework before he played PC games.
两句的区别仅仅在于前半句是否多了个had，也就是用了完成体，强调了完成作业这一完成状态。而句2中用的是一般体，就只是客观描述而已。这就导致两句话的语义发生了变化。
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4 C7 E6 i1 N8 F6 U9 W; X翻译：
* ^7 Q" K$ ~7 H+ R9 y& l: Y1. 他是完成了作业后才开始玩游戏的。
; c$ w0 t3 F) y% b( n2. 他做完了作业，然后去玩游戏。

可以感受到完成体与一般体的区别了吧？句1强调了对先完成作业的重视，句2只是表达了做作业与游戏先后两个动作的发生顺序，只做陈述，没有重要性的暗示。完成体有人的感情加入，一般体只是客观描述。拿这个理解重新再感受楼主的句子，体会下楼主原句作者的感情色彩，就明白原句时态选择背后的原因了。

klwo2

给楼主找几个真实句子：
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In her address, the author said that she had always dreamed of writing a novel that would be accessible to everybody in the society.

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Diane Meier finished her first novel, No Kill Station: Murder at Rehoboth Beach in June 2017. She had always dreamed of writing a novel but all her efforts ended in frustration until she started thinking of a plot and characters based on her experiences with animal rescue.

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Thirty years ago Tom Clancy was a Maryland insurance broker with a passion for naval history. But he had always dreamed of writing a novel, and his first effort, The Hunt for Red October, catapulted on to the New York Times bestseller list.

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Katayev confesses that he had always dreamed of writing a novel about the girl. "But each time I realized that I lacked the strength. . . .

6 W& @0 {; r1 O: B" W  w这些句子里面的过去时、完成体，都有过去时、一般体做对照，是很符合老师谆谆教导的规律的呀

楼主这句话，是编辑节选、修订过的，并不是完整的全段，对照的部分没有展示出来，很正常呀，不能凭空说后一句是过去时呀

好比老师教你「哪怕……也……」这个句式，告诉你「哪怕」常常跟「也」呼应
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结果你找了一句「我们一定尽全力抢救病人，哪怕只有一线希望」，然后说「我们一定尽全力抢救病人」里面非有一个「也」字不可

其实「也」字是藏在没说出来的话里面呀！「我们一定尽全力抢救病人，哪怕只有一线希望，也不放弃」

eeshu

整个句子都是对过去的陈述，所以基本时态为过去时，但是“有些小说的想法”发生在“（未）付诸行动”之前，所以用过去完成体。

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klwo2 发表于 2019-5-4 21:52
后面那句不是过去时，亲

肯定是过去式啊，要不主句的过去完成时也不会脱离过去式的时间参照而独立存在啊。

klwo2

后面那句不是过去时，亲

alextone

平行省略，后半句省略了had，加上以后你再看看

yuqinghuaz1

过去完成时所描述的东西 ，已经完成。而一般过去时，则是过去的一般现在时。不在于后半句用了一般过去式，还是用过去完成时，而在于他所表示的含义是不一样的。

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yuqinghuaz1 发表于 2019-5-4 22:29
2 E4 s7 T5 q2 I  V6 t  I过去完成时所描述的东西 ，有一个时间的限定，到某时为止，以后不知道。而一般过去时，则是过去的一般现在 ...

那后半句我分别使用过去式，和过去完成时，句子分别是什么意思？

yuqinghuaz1

% ~, N8 t1 y" }0 P8 P; Y
! c( f- N4 ~5 j/ S; T过去完成时表示已经完成，从来没有。一般过去时表示，过去这一段时间从不。

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再追加一个问题，查韦氏高阶的holding pattern 词条，有这个例句

$ n' M! y6 r6 ?+ M; [2 t& }( v2 GThe company has put production in a holding pattern [=has temporarily stopped production] while better testing methods are developed.这家公司暂停了生产，以待开发出更好的测试方法。
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while从句的 are developed 我不理解是什么意思，难道不应该是while better methods ARE BEING developed， 这样的进行时么？

~荆棘

（1）She had always dreamed of writing a novel, but she never actually put pen to paper.
& M0 [% l7 s2 M4 qWhen we talk about finished events with words that mean 'at some/any time up to now' (like ever, before, never, yet, recently, lately, already), we normally use the present perfect.
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Have you ever seen a ghost?

I'm sure we've met before.
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We haven't seen Beth recently.

Could you clean the car? ~ I've already done it.

4 j2 w" n' ~( IShe's never said 'sorry' in her life.
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! S" r2 @; N# K7 v- p# G6 CHas the postman come yet?


In an informal style, simple past tenses are sometimes possible with always, ever and never when they refer to 'time up to now'.

I always knew I could trust you. (OR I've always known ... )
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Did you ever see anything like that before? (OR Have you ever seen ... ?)
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/ F4 x0 W1 O' d以上摘自Practical English Usage，供参考。

（2）The company has put production in a holding pattern [=has temporarily stopped production] while better testing methods are developed.
Some verbs refer to actions that produce a finished result. Examples are cut, build, pack, close. Other verbs do not: for example push, live, speak, hit, carry. The past participles of finished-result verbs, and some of their passive tenses, can have two meanings. They can refer to the action, or they can describe the result (rather like adjectives). Compare:
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3 O# D" N/ Y( M/ L9 L7 B3 w7 RThe theatre was closed by the police on the orders of the mayor. (refers to the action of closing)
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. R8 I$ H" Z8 i& GWhen I got there I found that the theatre was closed. (refers to the state of being shut - the result of the action)
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' u$ c# R, G6 |9 q4 T" W7 u4 Z来源同上。则 be developed 不一定表示结果，也可以表示一个延续性的action，含义上和 being developed 差不多了。参考COCA例句一条：In Taiwan, the counseling profession has been developed for six decades and has evolved from its infant stage to become a certified and licensed profession. 这里的 be developed 显然也是过程而非结果。

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神之一手

sakylawa 发表于 2019-5-5 08:19
% a8 H* B' n& j8 a经过各位细致的讲解，本来对时态就很渣的我更加搞不懂了

( N6 p2 k9 n: _* m1 T3 c时态本来就难，也深邃，真正理解需要很深的认识，不好着急。