dictionary.com 大更新，修改15,000条

klwo2

新闻稿：https://www.dictionary.com/e/new-words-dictionary-2020/
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改动如下：
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; m- P; Z5 F( y, h6 o% ~/ A✅ 650 new entries
✅ 2,100 new definitions
✅ 1,200 new etymologies
2 p+ q. {$ K. E( c6 l  [. M2 Q: W& C; g✅ 1,700 new pronunciations
* o9 E: V# }6 T3 n✅ Over 11,000 revised definitions
✅ Over 7,000 revised etymologies
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其实新词新义也不是特别多，主要是批量修正了一些释义语言的问题。具体的大家看新闻稿即可，牵涉种族、性别、环保什么的，对学英语的人来说，不大不小。
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klwo2

我觉得真正有意思是这一条：

Improving nearly 20 entries, we’ve replaced all instances of commit suicide with die by suicide or end one’s life, language preferred by mental health professionals and suicide prevention specialists. The moralistic verb commit is associated with crime (in the justice system) and sin (in religion), deepening the emotional pain surrounding this sensitive but important subject—and thickening the barriers to talking openly about it.

英语里「自杀」习惯的说法是「commit suicide」（字面：犯自杀罪），这样的表达法有负面意涵，无助于阻止自杀，所以释义里面批量换成了「die by suicide」或者「end one’s life」

: Z6 u3 b: e2 |8 K5 v在suicide条目下，dictionary.com 说：

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USAGE NOTE FOR SUICIDE
0 F! K) d6 h* D& m9 c+ zIn English, the verb suicide exists (e.g., Many teens who suicide have experienced abuse or bullying ), but its use is rare. Rather, the most common way to express the idea of taking one’s own life uses the noun suicide in the expressions to commit suicide or to attempt suicide .
However, the phrase commit suicide is discouraged by major editorial style guides, mental health professionals, and specialists in suicide prevention. The verb commit is associated with crime (in the justice system) and sin (in religion). Using such moralistic language deepens the emotional pain surrounding a suicide.
The verb phrases to die by suicide and to end one’s life are now preferred over the common expression commit suicide . The adjectives successful , unsuccessful , and failed are words that should be avoided when describing a suicide or suicide attempt, as is language that either romanticizes or stigmatizes the act.
! |* K- X3 ~' xSuicide is undeniably a hard subject to broach. It is okay to talk about suicide; studies show that discussing suicide with someone will not make that person suicidal or increase the likelihood of acting on suicidal ideation. But using language that criminalizes the act is insensitive to those whose lives have been touched by suicide.

suicide 本来就可以用作动词，只是罕见。commit suicide 或者 attempt suicide 这样的说法常见，但是不提倡。现在提倡说「die by suicide」（自杀而死）或者「end one’s life」（结束生命）
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「commit suicide」（字面：犯自杀罪）跟中文表达习惯不符，不知道难倒了多少莘莘学子，「自杀」凭什么非要跟commit搭配呢？一般的书里也不爱讲。

牛津高阶双解(第四版)：
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commit murder, suicide, theft, a blunder, an unforgiveable error, etc犯凶杀、自杀、偷窃、大错、不可原谅的错误等。
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2 P) F9 O7 e- @& n! C. W4 ^: l韦氏高阶：
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* `$ W3 q, T: ]9 S# j' Vcommit suicide/murder/rape/adultery 自杀；犯谋杀/强奸/通奸罪
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' G# J! ^) K) ]. V  M这两本都透露了一件事儿，说英语的人原本把「自杀」看作大罪。两本词典的译者在翻译的时候选了不同的策略。

近年来的朗文当代、牛津高阶，干脆直接把「commit suicide」看成固定搭配、成语了，管你理解不理解，反正给我老老实实背下来，背不下来考试扣分。

0 F; g5 _4 r2 v) }- m* n5 Z# G衷心希望「commit suicide」这种莫名其妙的表达法少一些，如果不能少，也请各大英汉词典、英汉教辅，勤快一点跟国际接轨，要么解释清楚「commit suicide」背后的文化意涵，要么主动拥抱新说法「die by suicide」「end one’s life」，老说法就不要天天在考试里频频亮相难为人了。「suicide」直接用作动词我觉得也不错嘛！希望英语世界尽快普及。

武汉加油

赶紧抓下来！

littlebush123

好像论坛还没有这一部的词库，大佬们希望乘此良机搞一个？

毛小驴

希望哪位大佬给再抓取一下，整个离线版的就完美了

woaini123

真是一大好消息，dictionary.com更新给力！！

言叶之庭

近期貌似有人重新抓取制作过了，好像是二合一的版本，还包括thesaurus.com。

EarthWorm

klwo2 发表于 2020-9-4 17:47
我觉得真正有意思是这一条：

这个应该跟西方的宗教背景有关吧...

! Z; J" ~. N/ _. Z# E7 O在基督教的教义里, 自杀是下地狱的大罪, 当然现代社会已经把自杀非刑事化了.
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& N5 w) U* o5 F- f' W2 I9 m这就跟 "通奸罪" 一样, 现代的世俗社会里应该已经没有这个刑事罪名了, 但这个词仍然会存留于世很久, 更何况在某些宗教国家里, 犯这个罪的是要被乱石砸死的.

rualantonio

感谢分享词典讯

klwo2

EarthWorm 发表于 2020-9-5 06:01
这个应该跟西方的宗教背景有关吧...
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- W; F% |8 x4 K3 V* r在基督教的教义里, 自杀是下地狱的大罪, 当然现代社会已经把自杀非 ...

通奸罪在美国是有的，只是淡化、不执行、非刑事化了，算半个历史遗留：

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The United States is one of few industrialized countries to have laws criminalizing adultery.
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State criminal laws against adultery are rarely enforced. Federal appeals courts have ruled inconsistently as to whether these laws are unconstitutional (especially after the 2003 Supreme Court decision Lawrence v. Texas)[200] and as of 2019 the Supreme Court has not ruled directly on the issue.[201]

As of 2019, adultery is a criminal offense in 19 states, but prosecutions are rare.[202][203] Pennsylvania abolished its fornication and adultery laws in 1973.[204] States which have decriminalised adultery in recent years include West Virginia (2010),[205] Colorado (2013),[206] New Hampshire (2014),[202][207] Massachusetts (2018),[208] and Utah (2019).[209]

通奸是罪，那是因为十诫当中说"Thou shalt not commit adultery." 这个地位不得了，文化分量是不轻的。另外，「犯通奸罪」「犯奸/犯姦」这样的话汉语里能说，所以commit + adultery 这个搭配还算好理解。

7 w& r; ^  l6 Z2 B2 h/ M; v自杀在大多数基督教教派里头认定是罪，但这是中世纪以来的事情，早期没有：
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In most forms of Christianity, suicide is considered a sin, based mainly on the writings of influential Christian thinkers of the Middle Ages, such as St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas, but suicide was not considered a sin under the Byzantine Christian code of Justinian, for instance.[230][231] In Catholic doctrine, the argument is based on the commandment "Thou shalt not kill" (made applicable under the New Covenant by Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew[232]), as well as the idea that life is a gift given by God which should not be spurned, and that suicide is against the "natural order" and thus interferes with God's master plan for the world.[233] However, it is believed that mental illness or grave fear of suffering diminishes the responsibility of the one completing suicide.

虽说也可以通过"Thou shalt not kill"这样的经文来佐证，可是终究隔了一层，要是suicide算作kill，那屠宰动物算不算kill呢？这就不直接了，一般人没心思追究。基督教地位下降以后，慢慢地这种观念就更是松动了、不坚持了。
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) E8 ^) \/ M0 ~, |* F* dcommit + suicide 这样的搭配，中文不说，英文世界里，我觉得也不会太牢靠。

Amacent

言叶之庭 发表于 2020-9-4 21:03
近期貌似有人重新抓取制作过了，好像是二合一的版本，还包括thesaurus.com。

8 M" e4 V9 B8 Y7 C9 D' o5 I0 L! w; W请问是本站吗？可以提示下出典元吗？

中国百科全书

klwo2 发表于 2020-9-4 17:47
我觉得真正有意思是这一条：

百度网盘的链接和提取码是什么？

半身佛

已经购买了ios端正版，看起来还是挺好的，起码能保持最新了。