to的用法：Dwellings thought by archeologists to have housed religious shrines…

oria

Dwellings thought by archeologists to have housed religious shrines stand along a wide avenue that connects Durrington with Stonehenge.

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jonah_w

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by archeologists 是插入语，可以删去。
What do you think is the largest country in the world?
by archeologists 这里等同于 do you think
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8 l& U/ H( [0 L; C: ?" Jto 是跟前面的thought相连的，
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pan

The author means to say,

The archeologists thought that these dwellings used to (or still, we don't know) house religious shrines. They (these dwellings) now stand along a wide avenue ...
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shadowfiend

thought by archeologists to have housed religious shrines整个做dwellings的后置定语，be thought to 相当于be considered to，是被认为的意思，by archeologists是个插入结构，这样分析下来整个句子就很好理解了吧。