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[词典校勘] 【精校人员募集】World Book Dictionary, 2015 勘误专帖

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 楼主| 发表于 2015-11-17 22:51:04 | 显示全部楼层
eeshu 发表于 2015-11-17 22:17
7 d+ f8 `- y: ]& e8 f/ I( ]% f11.17日帖,共四处问题:
a forest reserve的版式与其他用例不一致
0 G& P* }) }  K' N1 K5 z
特地做成这样的。。。
! Y& ~  \  c/ d; q: F' x! q超短例句不换行,因为不换行所以用字体区分2 F% [. ~# c4 X; G1 j
连续多个超短例句用/隔开并换行
# c' r( A+ U4 Y# r- N  Y为了达到这个效果写了几十行程序。。。

点评

啊,这样啊!实际使用是没什么,但是这样的排版逻辑还是有点怪。你看第二幅图里的⇒ reserved comment.难道不比a forest reserve更短吗?体例一致才不容易让人误解吧。  发表于 2015-11-18 07:59

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 楼主| 发表于 2015-11-18 12:24:25 | 显示全部楼层
eeshu 发表于 2015-11-17 22:17
" H4 @% {! ^' {11.17日帖,共四处问题:
2 N( M7 j' D9 ?0 O8 r1 u
% o* c6 y( D8 a# i8 d2 `
也是,下一版改为字体和别的例句一致,但仍然不换行不加=>
; b2 E) v' y3 p( l5 Z& J实在想换行自己再调整CSS,我是觉得两三个单词就占一行太浪费,看着也不平衡

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发表于 2015-11-18 15:22:59 | 显示全部楼层
& }1 M0 E" N' E2 R
-2015年11月18日 15:22:53 本帖 1 个bug -# l# V# o8 y; V- M; ]" G2 P/ \# p- a
mythical 条1 Z8 ~' [$ ^$ y6 `
not real; made-up; aginary:" k7 X9 P. s+ g) W5 P
aginary 应为 imaginary 。
3 X2 b  V* Y* R% X9 h7 B9 `3 H; u
+ O6 s, o: Q& X1 P) x) P9 f2 ~5 p, y) U! m- ^9 O
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    发表于 2015-11-18 16:53:46 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼
    9 |4 }/ V6 c9 e' ^# ?20151118
    - h5 q5 R( E* q/ B: o) mkoto条,遗漏了例句,如图
    # q" G0 w" e& `3 W! H) `
    * X1 p( B5 W7 a3 t! K' ^例句文本为:in upper class houses, the koto ... is studied by the daughters as part of their education and refinement (Atlantic).

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    发表于 2015-11-18 16:59:25 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼
    ! \. J% s& h) l$ r& A( S! l6 |20151118
    : _2 s. N$ A9 y/ Okoto条,释义中的zither-like的换行连接符似乎可以去掉,因为这是电子版,不存在pdf中换行的问题,如图
    % o& e$ ~9 q/ _; ~; |: H* e  l' F. ?4 n5 O  b
    错误:zither-like 应改为zitherlike

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    20151118
    / G" i- ]6 {6 Z( y& pkowtow条,intransitive verb释义之后遗漏了SYN: fawn, truckle,如图
    8 C& u- V8 J) S8 A2 s1 @5 E' X' ^. D7 d( u9 L3 ^5 ]/ w
    应加上:SYN: fawn, truckle.

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      o" V, Z( R# m20151118$ D1 P5 D; a: l9 r' ]
    rap over the knuckles条,第2个释义遗漏了例句,如图) [6 p2 c" a9 J5 }$ u8 p  T

    $ n7 v+ ?+ }* X) K# h# ^2 B0 z, D例句文本为:Taking the license away from the underground paper "Georgia Straight" without adequate reason resulted in ... a rap over the knuckles for [the mayor] from the federal government (Canadian Saturday Night).

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    发表于 2015-11-18 17:58:01 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼, s6 F8 E6 Y' W. b
    20151118
    ! l& l6 U2 Q; W2 W+ G私以为可以将pdf正文前的多篇文章也加入词条,以完善词典的内容,并更好的使用词典。) {# M7 n9 a6 |4 }! d3 Y: H
    1、Where English comes from
    6 `: o) b1 m8 N3 }. RThe English language has existed for hundreds of years.
    " f( p  g, H3 a- k5 f$ b5 _: YMany words came into English from various European languages.
    , }4 I4 w+ q' v% X- @For example, St. Augustine and other Latin-speaking
    0 d$ y! q& W- Q& r9 \7 s6 p/ Z, cmissionaries to England used such words as bishop and/ ~( S# n7 i. v
    priest. Latin was the language of scholarship and religion.
    ( x, I8 _9 G* @0 pWherever Latin scholars, missionaries, and government officials/ S/ K6 G. Y, U
    exerted important influence, Latin words became
    * J5 t1 K" U0 V% oknown. When the Scandinavians invaded and settled in Britain,
    9 q! e+ d5 _+ g, bsome words beginning with sk- were adopted into English.
    $ v; q. z+ c; Z, w1 V. ]$ o5 MFor example, skill, skirt, and sky. The Scandinavians* k( J! S, ]: P' _
    also contributed important pronouns such as their, them,. _; E0 X5 K5 V
    and they. Words of French origin include army, blue, chair,
    * V: b* N; H  Z2 u( ]dinner, government, jolly, mayor, paper, and towel. Balcony,
    2 F& G0 D3 z  Fpiano, and pizza come from Italy; fiesta and siesta,
    . d, u' @1 ]( r' x3 {  d9 e$ e/ Zfrom Spain; orchestra, from Greece; boomerang, from Australia;
    : R; R+ c9 F# C  {- jvodka, from Russia; and igloo, from the Eskimos.
    4 ]$ z# N- f2 a   English is always growing and changing. Words constantly0 O3 z1 w9 e$ y. j" R8 \
    are being added and falling into disuse. Many words that9 [& ^: F8 `5 h, h! N
    you hear, speak, and read today were not part of the language6 z/ H7 N5 q- Z* P* Y9 s: I: {* W
    your grandparents used. Look in a dictionary published6 C8 P) J) ]. `: Y7 i
    at that time and you will not find such words as astronaut,
    & b; R0 r* F. q5 Cculture shock, miniskirt, rolamite, and microfiche.
    * i( g( i$ o! t+ D% @Every time new inventions, scientific discoveries, art forms,
    - Q. M8 O# u5 r7 Qor fashions appear that do not have names to identify them,
    * r$ j  c9 v9 k- f( r* Mnew words must be invented or old words given new applications,/ L: B/ T. p- s+ `: T
    or taken from other languages.
    9 A6 N$ z1 Q2 F2 [$ v& [$ U; B   When words are not used, they become obsolete. Obsolete* B- R; D% V' i% Z5 e
    words are included in the dictionary because they are
    $ q; G/ F# |3 ?part of our history and our culture. You will want to know/ N3 x' }3 V. l
    what they mean when you read them in old books or hear
    1 |" [8 [9 x2 x4 W7 n1 _them used in plays written a long time ago. Before the automobile; ?7 L6 o$ t6 u( x
    was a common form of transportation, people traveled
    # I) |9 M' T/ d: z, o5 vin buggies drawn by horses. Now when you hear or
    9 }3 n# m' F' t; W, v/ Tsee the word buggy you are inclined to think of something
    + Y( ?0 R4 F2 A8 \' V( Y6 bold-fashioned or insect-ridden., p3 F2 R  R5 o( C6 ]8 w' B% z( z
      Many words have changed their meanings. For example,
    , n; I' r" y0 W7 B; J& \sly and crafty people were once described as "pretty." At
    7 [& d; P+ B( P' Aone time, when people wanted to picture someone as stupid
    : Y3 q- F/ ^. r# Xand ignorant they referred to that person as "nice." Today,; x3 i% v" T& e6 ]* ]
    if someone tells us we are "nice" and "pretty," we feel flattered,* ^) \3 w2 A9 k% l: r; }$ f
    not insulted.3 [: A) e8 q9 a% F& Z4 }
       These are only a few of the ways in which language/ ^/ D; g4 L4 d* b
    changes and grows. By knowing how words become part of
    ! H8 l; \& \. n( Va language, you discover important clues to social, political,2 m% P/ x0 @6 H! H8 o; O
    and cultural changes that take place in the history of a
    ! `; r4 t3 Q3 c3 _8 _country using that language.
    2 w* ^  r4 @1 U& g$ n+ Q7 {) R0 _   The story of how English originated is a fascinating one.
    $ R2 i6 l$ }& }9 _2 ~+ h
    ' i2 c) ]+ a* _$ P- z% H9 X6 P' wHow English began
    , \: o) l, a4 n: {8 A( C+ ZEnglish comes from a common ancestral language believed* Z  J5 l) s% j: N
    to have existed a very long time ago. It has been called
    / Q- t8 U* X( k8 h) r" PIndo-European. About 4,500 years ago, the people who% R1 w. F1 J( ?" J! z
    spoke varying forms of this language split into groups that; C/ o% r6 H2 \& n" ?/ F' h
    drifted into Europe and parts of Asia. Different speech communities
    # |$ ?' S2 r( ^" ~* P0 n( cdeveloped within these widespread groups eventually
    # @3 N+ O, e2 c- Igiving rise to several languages including Latin, from
    * [* Q) T/ Z1 s8 t+ K5 v+ E/ e& a9 ~: gwhich many of the languages spoken in Europe today developed.  P: L& `: f* R- i
    One group of Indo-European languages is known as' D* `6 I6 J1 W0 g$ L
    Germanic, and this is the primary parent language of English+ f" e4 i3 S6 Y- N+ b
    and German.
    + C* S$ z* o* ?9 n  Warrior-adventurers, who spoke Germanic, invaded what# r  w. z% {" E7 v, _* ?& C$ K5 V
    is now Great Britain about A.D. 450. The invaders—called% y5 G4 c" ^- w, f# i0 j' [/ X* s& C
    Angles, Saxons, and Jutes—all spoke similar dialects. The5 Y% e  Z5 D5 [
    people they conquered, known as Britons, spoke Celtic. The/ D2 W6 g) a: @5 b# |
    Celtic language included Latin words because conquering
    $ p" m5 T  T' p, I! L& ?Roman troops occupied Britain from A.D. 43 until the 400's.
    # \3 ?' ]5 v" E7 v" jThe troops had to return home to defend Rome against invading
    * C0 Z1 J% J- n' F8 \armies. The Germanic tribes conquered Britain after
    1 P% ]" q; @  G. o- ~% G: ]* h' L) ], sthe Romans left.
    / I0 O4 t, D0 ~. ^  y   As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the) c/ R* d& U! M& k$ E* v* N) _) K
    Celtic languages gradually retreated. Since the Celtic people
    * x0 u) Y6 x3 Cwere forced to communicate with their rulers, the history of# w3 u5 P. w; M, M
    the English language begins with the take-over of Britain by7 e% V" `$ {7 a' W* z
    the Germanic tribes. As a result, Celtic made only a small
    , w/ m: Y1 i% vcontribution to the English vocabulary with words such as
    7 {% |* F* L& B5 Bcrag and bin. However, many place names were adopted
    . p& l) h$ M0 ?, d& [8 l) Tfrom the Celtic. Among them are Avon, Kent, London,
    % Y, [, h7 O. v3 r6 i; J! qOuse, and Thames. Small groups of people living in Ireland,
    " E5 G" Q1 ^6 q! iWales, and the Scottish Highlands still speak varieties of Celtic
    2 ]6 v: |- l- |3 e0 osuch as Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, and recently
    . l1 H+ s6 Q3 p4 S0 krevived Irish.0 n3 L; \& a$ U# u0 p) j

    0 O4 e& ^8 C& G  _Old English
    1 `; F; Y  D6 L6 nThe Angles and Saxons occupied a large part of Britain. The
    ; r- q& W4 d& kname of one of the former tribes eventually became the
    1 ~- S4 K: \3 x/ Mname of the land they occupied, England. The Anglo-Saxon
    ' G9 x0 H9 A, [" O8 a+ Y3 O. m& D" dlanguage, now usually called Old English, became firmly established1 B" c: m" j  e) ?# M
    in Britain in the period from the A.D. 500's to 1066.
    " h* K0 u- v4 o& I* e0 }3 D8 ^   Even as this happened, changes were taking place. Latinspeaking$ x# ?8 H- G4 y, |. V
    Roman and Celtic missionaries under St. Augustine,6 I0 }0 Z0 m7 y# l( s8 ^/ c  z
    began spreading Christianity in Britain. The introduction of, W7 ?! A  G. q1 A6 U
    Christianity exerted a great impact on the English language., V& i+ i2 d. u& x
    Religion brought with it many new ideas and customs. And6 x# j1 Q4 B" Q& k
    Christianity used Latin. In their attempt to identify and deal& ]7 e: c8 K1 G2 y" E% V7 n
    with all these new ideas and customs, the Anglo-Saxons did( V* e& l# D% z# D; A
    not hesitate to borrow from Latin the special vocabulary
    0 H/ V4 I" g, Q5 t. V( k' ^needed for the new religious life. Among the words taken* ^8 }, p; u& `$ P- ^" B3 O
    from Church Latin which still survive are:2 ~3 K, k" S3 C2 m9 ~9 Q
    7 V5 w1 i) s. ?0 F, {3 t" Q" ?2 s0 t
    Latin Old English Modern English
    5 C* n" Q; P5 J! {$ X: o, H6 _; o, i5 aabbatis abbod abbot
    2 E4 w9 _6 D- k7 S* fcandela candel candle; [: Z0 w& J* Y$ c
    altare altar altar
    & P+ ?: A# z1 G" U1 e2 Camen amen amen; \2 w/ C. Y3 b* Q" a$ s+ q, e- `) a& Q
    apostolus apostol apostle
    + h- {/ \3 ^1 v3 G3 u% U
    # [! r+ g8 {/ z  However, users of Old English did not borrow as heavily
    8 i6 G5 u5 o# mfrom Latin and other languages in this period as they did8 H5 |8 V9 E) n# y- L
    later when there was greater communication with the Continent.' C; P# E4 v  u* A0 K, k) b6 A3 X
    Sometimes they changed the meanings of native6 G. \5 ?. k  F, A- x# D* o( ~! q- c
    words. The word for Easter (eastron) originally was the( _% J, B3 S" ~
    name for the spring festival honoring the goddess of dawn.. R! [( W  r) x2 s  a
    Ceol (Yule), the name of the festival held to celebrate the8 b5 I, z7 N1 a" P' B: Z4 e3 L; \
    passing of the shortest day of the year, came to denote
    & n+ }% K6 r  L0 Q4 U2 G/ JChristmas.4 }2 ^2 O+ M1 W* M' @! N
       Native ingenuity was shown in creating new words by
    3 s$ \! Y5 y8 z6 u- r& Y" Hcombining two native words in much the same way as we; J0 X+ q  @, f" c6 u
    now combine words such as space and worthy to form1 R0 }9 T& T" c" z/ E9 F3 T
    spaceworthy. Old English words such as Icececraft (leechcraft),( [# R+ d* R* d$ d
    meaning medicine, and handboc (handbook), meaning4 d$ N, H- {+ u3 E4 I
    manual, illustrate this practice.* T. _, u1 q5 `0 e. z0 D- ^* D: z9 i1 R
       The growth of the Old English vocabulary during this$ z: Z  k8 A1 q5 S( ]
    period of language history reflects the growth of English culture.* j: r$ [  w% T" O0 `( l2 m
    Because of the Church's influence, scholarship was encouraged/ X! S! `, T' V
    and Britain began its rise as one of the intellectual
    1 K' o3 X& A; v1 C0 f2 cleaders of Europe.
    * `6 u9 `% `  z0 v4 n! j   Toward the end of the 700's, hardy Vikings from Denmark,- G7 |  t# u5 l0 ~
    Norway, and Sweden began invading and settling in, ?: j* W- J1 r9 {% E% k# \3 H( C
    many parts of Britain. By the 1000's, a Danish king ruled4 }7 m  f) X1 O: v  k' r( ^1 h( v
    Britain. As a result of the invasions from the Danish peninsula,% g# C/ [; R  U/ B  J  }3 w, v
    many Scandinavian words became part of English.* j1 y9 M( u& O) x7 w; s* S
    These did not identify new ideas and objects. They were everyday
    / `1 s# `* [5 ?. o/ h2 [words for which the English already had terms and expressions.6 \; l! ?! G$ W( x. v, G
       Why did the Scandinavian words exist side by side with
    1 e9 l; v6 s0 _5 d, u: ~# C9 nEnglish words instead of replacing them? The Scandinavian2 V2 ^5 T$ c- [) Z  A% Y6 t& v
    invaders were Germanic people like the Anglo-Saxons. Their
    % T% h* y' m, acultures were similar and their languages enough alike so
    ; ^, ^) r7 p* P, n5 ^! o3 vthat they understood one another. Many words were exactly1 C3 J' j+ V! d% @3 ~, {
    alike, such as father, husband, house, life, man, mother,
    - ?% H  {" Z2 R7 O  X3 B7 f5 k: r) t1 zsummer, wife, and winter. Other words were so much alike. w1 P; @5 B; ?; X# v
    they were used interchangeably.: k5 n& N: Q) m! ^( Q
       Although the Scandinavians and the English fought each  [  \5 ^1 I- f& b' N- Y1 T
    other, many Scandinavians settled peacefully in Britain, married
    5 a- u# g% E; s5 G1 K, KEnglish women, and raised families. Often both languages
    - s3 ]) m3 w) ^- ewere spoken in the same household. Where different; K/ [! O2 O$ }3 D; L1 v
    words existed for the same thing, the Old English word usually
    3 B0 P0 N- o* i4 f% @% ewon out, but there were some exceptions. The results of
    & N/ J  ^0 ?4 {' {) S' H  e& a8 ?1 `this absorption of language through close contact is seen in
    " K3 ~# b3 i0 othe histories of such words from Scandinavia as skirt, skill,) k( l% m4 ^8 u& [& [# g5 @, q
    window, leg, gasp, birth, glitter, they, their, them, egg.
    5 q# z& G0 ?- o$ @/ l9 a   Scholars believe that at least 900 words of Scandinavian
    : `* `) l" Q# d* Korigin have survived in modern Standard English. Many
    6 j! R& H+ t2 b9 o/ F: wmore are still in use in Great Britain. They are found in dialects
    : V, A  z& j* b* b/ q: v5 r8 E. q. nspoken in regions heavily settled by the Swedes,2 h8 I* H% ?# u2 ?$ V
    Danes, and Norse in those early days.% |0 h* ?% W2 k7 e, `
    ; G* {5 N5 b; K; o3 {* c7 u& p
    Middle English
    3 p6 A) s* H' u! |3 U$ K/ \Old English began to undergo a great change when the Normans# `2 M8 g" m, y! B9 p
    invaded England from France in 1066. Until then, in! g2 C5 Z3 i: s- U
    spite of the Latin brought in by the introduction of Christianity,
    * ?1 _: ?) k( @the influence on English was overwhelmingly Germanic.9 z# Z% |. r4 m$ e
    The Normans began a process that brought many$ t) K8 o7 b1 z8 L& l
    French words into the English language. They replaced the- X% q& i" q/ ]+ g4 R  I9 ^& ]
    English as rulers, chief landholders, and church officials and
    ; O& e( S! Z; J4 K& U: vNorman-French became the language of the ruling class.
    , W3 O7 m# p9 ZHowever, the common people continued to speak English.
    $ [' s) ?5 }7 Y% v( J: u2 ]   Norman-French and Old,English existed side by side until
    8 I" d/ `4 k: V- c; y1 P& Mpolitical and social changes began to favor the use of English
    ' h$ x/ |5 @3 W( R. H4 m. I! Uby all classes. The Normans lost control of their territory in2 v" p" f# Q& F$ r* ?: @9 S
    France in the early 1200's. Confined to Britain, the Normans
    ' C+ k) N. F* M5 hbegan to learn English. Eventually, it replaced French as the1 h* |9 l: R2 G
    language of the ruling class, the schools, and the courts. By
    $ g2 V# Z8 o( n+ {0 Qthe end of what is known as the Middle English period. g$ f; o: U# e
    (1100-1500), English again had established itself as the major
    1 y+ U9 `# L& N3 A/ G0 `language in Britain.
    0 b6 k/ i* q* `0 ]  During this period, English continued to borrow words
    . U% v; w& w, a( U% ofrom French and from Latin. In the English we now speak,5 r) F- m1 g  a0 }+ l! {6 N) T' e  s
    more than half of the words in common use come from
    6 G" E9 f, ^7 `8 _these two sources. Many words from Old English and Anglo-
    1 w* I0 w" |! Y% a6 ~/ }French that are roughly synonymous exist side by side today.( P  O% e2 b5 G: f" [2 [; `, g7 t- Z
    For example, dress and clothes, aid and help, royal
    ' s5 m$ F) W* f0 `8 P) Iand kingly. In addition, trade between Britain and the Low
    9 F7 B6 _' B* G7 L+ r6 bCountries, especially Holland, accounts for the inclusion of
    ( x$ z8 C/ E2 @, b2 b) Fperhaps as many as 2,500 words of Dutch origin in the English
    ) k  N7 s; w3 Blanguage. Some examples are: boom (at the bottom of a
    5 u# E7 H' R5 nsail), deck, easel, etch, freight, furlough, and stoop (porch4 N* r: g, l9 y. z% t% e% b8 U; ]$ @
    or entrance).8 K- |& ^* K. D6 l2 E
       Before the Norman invasion, a great change in English
    & Y3 e2 U" ?9 @( }4 d: {3 ^% @) S# ywas beginning to shift grammatical and pronunciation patterns.6 y* q- N) y& b7 |  h
    However, the coming of the Normans accelerated
    0 {2 R" G: A9 q2 `( d' T# m( i  B: athese changes. Everyday use, growth of dialects, and contact
    - p. w$ z8 r: t2 K- Zwith foreign languages caused inflections (word endings) to
    + D0 H2 r' H8 Q8 Q# qlose their distinctive meanings and their usefulness. Instead! f6 p/ V4 b1 i1 y# ~
    of depending on word endings to give exact meaning to a
    $ |1 c  @9 s# F) j$ b" l, ysentence, as had been the case in Old English, word order/ Z1 n5 f& X: @
    became the important indicator.
    1 [0 e+ S( X+ h$ I, u# d  ?   In Old English, for example, To his J>eowum se feeder cwaeoK' p& d- R, H. q' m4 K6 }
    meaning "The father said to his servants" or "To his servants
    ) O7 P4 z' o* z& \% b+ w) cthe father said," would have the same meaning no matter
    * y2 M' b2 Z- }2 fhow the words were placed in the sentence. The -urn
    $ Y: W: R: @7 I3 I! R; a. |ending on beow(um) would always indicate who was being
    $ w3 J- F5 q0 \0 s. U& F6 nspoken to. In modern English, if we shift word order to0 Z7 K0 X; ]7 R3 v* Z" Y  `, f
    make the sentence read " His servants said to the father,"$ d7 p* Q; Q: y. F) V3 C5 C3 M; Z7 N' i
    the meaning would be quite different.
    9 }. w3 N! |$ L' M   English still retains some inflections, including plurals and
    : Q! O0 w5 l1 Q" [* b+ R+ Z" {the verb endings. But Middle English had far fewer inflections
    , g$ e0 S4 D' ]6 x, j8 J; U3 bthan Old English.. @7 c+ K, v+ |! F% z
    7 A, ?- q0 o- {4 p
    Modern English
    3 h; j" r  X2 G! M) oThe Modern English period, starting about 1500, has been+ q& A  \/ P+ b- `5 ?+ M9 _
    concerned for the most part with regulating and standardizing
    7 Q! h/ Z  y, c- d! k$ W4 Cthe language. But attempts to fix English into a permanent
    6 |, J* [1 B- X2 V7 X/ J1 u: l$ bform failed. The way a language is used gives it life,5 J- q) c( z/ b/ L# [+ c
    and usage produces change.
    6 Z+ {9 U& }4 Y. h3 H1 t) m   However, fixing a language and freezing its usages into a" ~  x8 c0 p2 T8 `2 V9 D
    form that tolerates no change is different from trying to
      c3 C* R! C! T: E( l2 {' h1 Hstandardize its spelling so that communication between inhabitants  Z5 U' m; \3 N2 c: Z4 y. ^
    of various regions of the country is easy and effective.8 A, l: t4 U" X: d0 ]8 y' r
       Several factors contributed to establishing Standard English- ]7 ^# Z' o) V" i0 P: k2 x* C
    spelling and some forms of usage and many of the traits that
    $ X2 E: s6 N5 p" g+ x! [& u: oexist in modern English. These factors included the introduction
    6 O+ n% j- `6 Y6 I" n; Gof the printing press into England in 1477 by William
    . t5 H4 X+ [) y, o  a! R, NCaxton, the revival of interest in literature, and the growth of( }  P( e+ J% R1 ~$ I. R; c
    popular education.2 j7 x0 }5 r5 }, q* r0 f5 D6 r6 ~$ h( ?
       The need for standardization was recognized as early as
      [, }7 Z% {2 Fthe mid-1300's. From that time, the London dialect (East1 S( }  |& j/ }2 X0 q
    Midland) was gradually adopted from the four main dialects0 a2 w9 U- D' l& j
    in existence (Northern, East and West Midland, and Southern): }( Z9 ?6 e8 g# i- N
    as the basis for Standard English. The choice was made
    / c- y3 l/ I  P& r. H/ [- Kbecause the London dialect was the language of contracts+ w! m( a4 G/ }
    and commerce and the speech of the ruling court. All official* J6 W% C5 {' N" y% \+ u
    documents originating there were written in the London
      J' |, }, c+ Y2 E6 _% fdialect. Furthermore, the translation of the Book of Common9 L: \/ Y: a( }+ M! P1 J' @, u4 ^
    Prayer and the King James version of the Bible became tremendous& G) b) ]) A$ F8 X7 M
    forces for elevated English.
    0 {/ E& u; Q& Q   Before Caxton, literary works were written for the most5 L) z; r: f/ g7 i2 t. C
    part in the dialect of the author. Spoken dialects continued' Y( f; t: {8 Q/ ^
    for a long time and, indeed, still exist. But, by the end of the
    ( H: L$ L- L) I8 I1400's, the London dialect was becoming accepted literary
    " K! \2 h5 p2 `3 M  O# Musage.
    6 p, e1 H' p+ j! E0 t" A& M& n   By the early part of the 1600's, more than 20,000 different
    & G) q4 i3 t1 z2 W" N2 kworks were printed in England alone. Books were available3 C+ \0 g: l) k2 h- l/ @
    to all who could read and afford them. The printed( d5 q* A7 r0 k/ {4 N* X4 U
    word helped to make spelling more uniform. Up until that( c4 ]9 X7 m' ?: Q3 h6 v
    time spelling usually varied from region to region.
    * r! F9 Y/ i. e, I* x  From the 1500's through the 1700's, many writers experimented
    # r6 [( l( C9 S; t8 P0 w+ `with words. Over 10,000 new words entered the
    ) `' j! S( J7 Q, u6 E! c: lEnglish language. Many of these were taken from Latin and
    , l# [5 o) x5 \% Z) H& ?* w) qGreek by scholars who wanted to replace the forms earlier
    : F  f* }! t7 Y# Qadopted from French. Translators and writers believed the
    & X) y& g2 p1 c! A& x, Xlanguage was rough, unpolished, and incapable of doing
    3 {+ M5 ?% j6 z/ I9 C1 P- Lwhat Latin and Greek had done, and what Italian could do.
    9 j" A) a/ d; G# o# G: Q0 [! ZThey set about enlarging the vocabulary, chiefly by translating
    & g; E. Q4 p6 ~2 Jwords from Greek and Latin. More than twenty-five per9 R* \2 q0 A2 p1 O% _( ]4 F
    cent of modern English words come almost directly from
    8 @- _4 j3 j8 A8 Gclassical languages. Very often we have two words that go  c8 X2 p. ~0 ?7 {0 O( {# C4 M
    back to the same Latin original—one brought in by the Normans,
    ! m% U( Z4 f# @5 k1 j' cand one taken in directly. For example, words such as
    % S1 n% N! `: _5 kpaint and picture, certainty and certitude. The adoption of) j7 K0 u+ Q/ s1 M
    Greek and Latin forms became so abundant and so outrageous
    + `9 U7 u* \- c1 v; i3 wthat many of these borrowings were dubbed "inkhorn
    ( h% m" K3 M# v: l: ^terms" because of their bookishness. However, some of
    # J' K9 t- H/ athese terms were useful and necessary and they have survived4 }6 B$ u! ]: W
    to this day. Among them are conduct, dexterity, extinguish,; I: r" S1 i' R7 G2 d
    scientific, and spurious.
    6 m* Z/ l+ h' p2 ^" q- Z2 u: f9 f. w7 G
    American and British English$ Y7 c( M1 u) `; u2 j
    After the British colonized America, the English language
    % t9 H* Y$ u7 l: yused by Americans began to change from that in the old
    & s4 X" F! i$ g8 T$ vcountry. The biggest factor in this change involved the need
    2 X9 x2 U, x" Z2 D# Nto create or adopt words to identify unfamiliar objects. Animals,: f# k; s( @# v* P$ ^6 a% ]
    trees, food, and the physical features of the land were& }# o9 x" ?! c2 L, d! ^
    different. The Americans took words from the Indians to
    ( z7 Y: \! ?2 n6 P8 o2 J8 ^identify a raccoon, a tomahawk, a papoose, and a wigwam., l/ c3 e/ K8 o* ?
    When there were no appropriate words, they did what their
    - D( j9 L3 [1 sancestors had done. They combined words and gave them
    ' a, d" h$ S: Rnew meanings. The combination of garter and snake produced
    * ~& F& e) c" F$ M. G, _. ka word to describe a crawling creature they had
    . G) l8 R5 M/ anever seen before. They named the sweet, edible root of a
    ( i1 h+ l! A* Rvine belonging to the morning-glory family, sweet potato.- _7 V; h" h+ L9 Y- i7 T: h& I
    They adapted from the Narraganset Indians the name for the
    : S( V2 p% m; v8 X8 C  `" w. r3 Lfruit of a plant of the gourd family, the squash.
    , A" S( G2 Z& c8 g& X  The growth of American nationalism led to a desire for
    1 c/ m  ]4 p$ Y, R, Q7 ?cultural as well as political independence from the mother
    * k2 y" @6 X1 m' }7 q0 _5 b' Zcountry. This, too, influenced American English, as in conscious  }. x1 s2 D" t  n
    attempts to reform spelling so that in time, musick6 v, N3 U- I! @% A, `4 L  B8 ]- M
    became music, and labour became labor. New ideas in the
    & V3 g" j. L, W: `( K3 x+ f7 b5 _* Zarts and sciences and the coming to America of people from
    : X- S7 B; J  {many different countries had a powerful effect on American
    8 t" F& J5 m1 D9 d8 N/ Z: ]! t* }0 gEnglish.7 l6 Y( i( z. G  ^" q  ?
       Changes have not been so extensive that we speak a new
    " L/ Z! F) V  {% k$ i; R8 W  p! U2 k  wlanguage. Many Americans may not know that when an
    3 v) b( o' m% D4 `1 MEnglishman says fitment he means an alteration, and that; _, I! U3 V- T- l/ X1 @" Y1 {* W
    the British goods wagon is the American freight car. But, for
    + D/ }! i. d1 t: f8 {* ?) r% ^" |  u. \1 rthe most part, Americans and Britons communicate easily
    $ U9 Y  s% g' @- Vbecause grammatical and phonetic patterns have not
    - j+ p) d  O0 l" }3 lchanged, though many words or lexical content are different.. m& Z. g- }8 j+ X: n5 n
       The gap between American and British English has
    3 |& s6 \3 v' g* [0 R* m1 Ybecome smaller in recent times, especially with the great increases6 ]. {  z6 ?: ?! {! O; e
    in the ease of transportation and communication.5 i) ~& k5 s; r, A! F) I
    Neither the Americans nor the British have any qualms2 m  r% r& M5 o
    about appropriating words from other languages when they1 p4 M* V) o- y8 A
    express concepts better than native words can. The British
    - j& I7 M' V$ p( z! Uhave taken American words such as telephone, jazz, and' y$ \# T. k' z+ q
    typewriter. Americans take words from many languages.7 }3 M& E7 a, `$ E$ ^
       English has also changed in other countries where it is
    * Y3 o9 z& g) l, Yused. Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, and others
    ' h# @4 ^0 G: F/ W  thave adapted English to fit their own needs. Although all, I+ S  w6 ?3 E& _. U3 b+ @
    English-speaking people can generally understand each
    0 X# `& c. X: s" N3 Hother, each English-speaking country has developed distinctive( B5 ?% Z- B, f2 A# u: x% ~
    ways of using the language. For example, New Zealanders3 x6 V) P7 G0 A7 L
    refer to a section (a building lot in a city), Australians to
    4 m! Y/ ^( d4 {8 |4 Ba mob (a group of animals), and Canadians to a chesterfield
    7 k7 z- W% a$ ~(an overstuffed sofa)., l7 z7 P7 B# T
       As long as travel and trade exist between nations, as long
    4 {: k( t) ]6 Las large groups of people continue to settle in countries  {$ g% K1 G3 h- [+ N1 L: M* f( C
    other than their native lands, and as long as the sciences
    9 f$ b0 w" x& P7 {; Y/ Wand the arts progress, new ideas, new words, and new usages
    ! {) I/ ?2 l3 j5 s+ Bof words will continue to keep language changing and
    ! E. S2 V8 ~; H" G1 |growing.

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-18 20:20:43 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-18 16:59/ w; B7 K" g+ ^- k' V: j) L
    zongyyc纠错专楼  r8 P  h' R9 u5 h" n3 {
    20151118) G* ?. l7 f9 v% }. r  I
    koto条,释义中的zither-like的换行连接符似乎可以去掉,因为这是电子版,不存 ...

    / R) }+ h$ F9 ~# p- u似乎不可以去掉。。。

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-18 20:21:12 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-18 17:58
    7 s6 E. k7 C& o2 u+ X, Azongyyc纠错专楼
    ( M" _2 G" u8 r2 }2 w20151118
    ; V! a- ?+ F& c/ X9 X- u私以为可以将pdf正文前的多篇文章也加入词条,以完善词典的内容,并更好的使用 ...
    ( S# A# k5 [  N: x1 N
    先不加了,不知道词头就看不见
  • TA的每日心情
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    [LV.Master]伴坛终老

    发表于 2015-11-19 00:33:24 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼
    , V( o+ N/ \5 H7 m6 T5 ?: ^20151119; F! Y& |- l9 d( d: S6 E
    a条中a2的1b例句中,judgement…中的英文省略号前应该有一个空格,如图
    / B' _2 @# X& X: n  @" S" X, S  v/ j3 W8 ?" C
    关于英文省略号的用法,如图  g% g* e9 ]/ S, u' p
    - F0 V6 r- n  s6 |7 D
    在其他词条中,同样存在英文省略号前后没有空格、或只有前或后有空格的问题,请想办法一起修改

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    [LV.Master]伴坛终老

    发表于 2015-11-19 00:58:23 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼2 }. W& `- y- N
    20151119
    ; T3 x6 Q2 N- K8 N: c1 kA (no period)条中第14个释义中,缺少了AAA,文字,如图- o. e( L/ q2 ^5 m4 ]

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    发表于 2015-11-19 07:54:49 | 显示全部楼层
    bt4baidu 发表于 2015-11-18 20:21
    * y( |; W: K" v* @# K4 T: K. A- s) f9 t, Z先不加了,不知道词头就看不见
    , x1 G2 v* |$ i" s
    可以最后做到词典信息里去,设置几个连接,美观又实用。

    该用户从未签到

     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 09:03:13 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-19 00:33
    0 u8 H3 h* i& l1 \5 y9 {0 U( j! f+ b) Szongyyc纠错专楼
    ; O3 R: R4 b5 z# z5 g8 a20151119. x+ }  R7 W$ {$ d$ J7 z* t
    a条中a2的1b例句中,judgement…中的英文省略号前应该有一个空格,如图

    ; X$ @% V7 I/ o' d7 W( \1 \5 V1 cjudgement符合第四条规定,此类问题一律不改,除非造成歧义
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    发表于 2015-11-19 10:03:28 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼
    . n6 `( v* Z4 }& H20151119/ Z6 K2 g9 n' B  o0 G" I: t
    taken aback条中a项释义下的startled同为syn,似乎颜色应与前2个单词一致。如图+ f4 D; R, ~+ f5 `8 K$ G, f% J  g  O7 v

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    发表于 2015-11-19 10:15:37 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼% ?4 I( u( B- s3 Z, \! T* ]! Y
    20151119, G( F, I& M# i4 n
    abash条中的例句似乎应该是2条,而不是1条,应该分开单列更好,如图1 W! Z! X/ k# y, [- W

    1 A; A5 E1 P- W# F

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    发表于 2015-11-19 10:48:30 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼; \' X$ G9 i! {; f4 @: Y
    20151119
    0 p, n" b/ g* ]6 ?% nabject条中第3项释义下的groveling同为syn,似乎颜色应与前1个单词一致,如图
    / B% O% Z4 W! A- I  b

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 12:54:35 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-19 10:15
    % K& l& s+ d3 F& k0 Ozongyyc纠错专楼2 {1 B: T" ^6 N9 B1 \0 W
    201511193 u* i2 V+ v$ j  B+ g+ D* a# @
    abash条中的例句似乎应该是2条,而不是1条,应该分开单列更好,如图

    , N# X. S/ a- S( O6 Y确实。。。
    . B8 D* e& D# f; r  S. c7 ^3 H' q" k) _9 J
    abject条中第3项释义下的groveling同为syn,似乎颜色应与前1个单词一致

    $ ^+ y7 A6 I# n1 a# f) @9 r- l( i前面是链接,所以颜色不一样。問題なし

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    发表于 2015-11-19 14:27:04 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 sky66 于 2015-11-19 14:28 编辑
    3 _% P) c" Y- u9 s0 l; L- O/ O9 E
    1.        2d5 c$ k$ r6 i' w" T2 f3 o1 F: k0 I1 F
    词头应该是S.W. 2d
    ( h  [) n, z2 h/ ^& l' @0 ^一般认知2d = two-dimensional
      V+ N  H! F8 H; s* y6 O# X2 i用2d= sw. 这个词条, 感觉不太适当  S! u/ P7 i  Y0 i+ Y

    4 c& N1 n& Q: B) \, y8 Z2.        characteristic
    0 S, a# H0 O! Z% hmantissa is.95424* ?2 l2 J, u1 x$ D
    =>
      A+ E" t0 I5 i  A% A5 J; Emantissa is .95424( z- _7 ]$ ^' ^
    缺少空格
    9 e* U5 C' l; b; [6 h0 I4 L9 D6 j! L! O/ F6 |5 `
    3.        mantissa
    2 h4 h; n! U( n& z/ ?3 ~" m# nmantissa is.95424
    : h( g5 C& c2 g; I. p( C- ]=>/ D: Y8 U& B; l4 X8 M
    mantissa is .95424
    8 j% t7 t  h' T释义内容举相同例子, 所以一样缺少空格
    0 Y0 d: P' z/ s( Q  d, h1 `0 u0 c, f7 X! ]: T9 q
    4.       
      \  f% R& `( E: C7 J5 N以问题2&3 用正则去找 \l\.\d\d\d 共26处
    6 S4 B5 `2 f, _( Z这26处我已逐一确认过, 都要加一个空白1 D4 W/ r7 H- j
    如: decimal point条 2.03 or.623. 应为2.03 or .623.0 c# ~8 X0 J# D

    9 z. ?; V, S  q$ E: J用正则去找 \l\.\d\d  则有46处
    0 h+ C  F0 O3 F" V: g0 A8 F  d用正则去找 \l\.\d  则有52处- ~5 B1 J& _+ `( d
    但这就有例外了,  如: aurea mediocritas条的II.x.5 在WBD_old也没有空白/ {; l( g. ], k2 P4 G, b* W
    请恕我不能一一截图列举.
      [  D) @4 ?, V7 ]6 N

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 19:07:29 | 显示全部楼层
    sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 14:27
    ! \( i' g% \, g) j0 V1.        2d5 j6 F- G3 m# o. n' }5 F  [# m  r0 ?9 i
    词头应该是S.W. 2d
    ( c7 r9 m! O) a+ ?$ `( a) c6 G一般认知2d = two-dimensional
    7 |& w9 {# G- u" f9 j/ l( n2 ]
    1. 词头提取错误,要改程序。类似错误全文仅5处,能发现很不容易啊
    ' J( J6 G. M7 [# Z/ M2-4 统一由程序处理了
    # {  T8 g: N( RII.x.5 这种是章节,不应该有空白

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    发表于 2015-11-19 21:13:22 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 sky66 于 2015-11-19 21:20 编辑 9 z, G; {  Z" k( n! p* X' ]' h1 J* T

    * m0 q/ I- \7 }楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊.., m+ K; v1 `) d# {7 i. U
    更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过释义千言万语..
    + D' k' M/ n- c: g1 R6 j
    " _' K: D. M. I. J3 B前两天有提到” See picture under”的问题.
    , W5 z' e1 a7 A因为PDF Volume 1已经有OCR , 今天找时间搜寻PDF vol.1 “See picture under” 共有301个结果, 然而解开mdx只发现五个..! H  z7 \" W4 S# r0 ]! ]
    不知有没有机会将这300个放进mdx? 这样可以方便找到相关图片" G# y& k  t! |$ k4 \2 n, E/ N2 |
    ) k5 t$ O/ F; u( |6 D5 F: ?' u
    我自己有想个不很完美的方式, 就是将PDF vol.1直接存成TXT, 然后抽出(.{35})(See picture under )(.{2,20}?)\.
    7 t& Z* R; |. U6 s之后建立emeditor的批次置换清单:
    - Y  a& M6 M& S: eon\t\1\t\1\2<a href=”entry://\3”>\3</a>.
    , P( y$ ^" e/ h$ F3 V6 {6 l, ^再去用emeditor批次置换mdx内的文本..3 E# w3 s7 Y  M, k, V- j) V+ V
    (数字35只是初步测试, 数字太小, 担心重复机率太高, 替换到不该换的词条…数字太大又怕OCR错误太多, 到时候找不到置换的词条..)) k' P& m0 Q4 G4 P# n% N

    6 `5 q. }) J' E0 c  k4 O因为我的pc不够快, 要处理很费时, 也没有考虑太多OCR错字以及数字问题..
      i' j+ g1 E. G只能先初步测试抽取了64组See picture under8 D- n* R) v: j' X+ B& X/ n
    最后成功置换47组..例如airframe、bobcat  v+ v( m, r+ }5 w" R

    8 g$ `2 b! ]; i替换清单内容:
    " ^# u( z7 {1 qon        r lynx of North America; bay lynx.         r lynx of North America; bay lynx. See picture under <a href="entry://lynx">lynx</a>.+ r% }6 P: r5 B2 @! @* o
    on        listic missile, or of a dirigible.         listic missile, or of a dirigible. See picture under <a href="entry://airship">airship</a>.; N- E" ?/ o1 n1 M: }4 U
    4 A; S4 [  S7 x

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 21:30:51 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 bt4baidu 于 2015-11-19 21:32 编辑 ' M3 K1 h2 T4 a; s2 Z* p- L
    sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 21:13  x1 Q. f/ m# {6 Q. y4 ^9 D, d
    楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊..' p! e& q4 {. h- k1 V5 m% g8 k
    更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过 ...
    5 \/ c2 }0 i  s

    & k9 p, U8 X- i, ?这么多。。。
    1 p! b7 h* [3 ]0 I: H/ u1 P1 y要做的话,只有整理成一个文档,由程序批量替换了,写成这种格式:$ p9 Z; `" n( f" I2 @$ T
    词头 \t bay lynx. \t See picture under <B>lynx</B>.
    & H+ L/ h4 I% c2 o- i# @0 D  M+ x, R( R& I
    我会把<B>自动转为链接,所以不用写<a href...9 V$ x$ C/ {; ]3 d! C
    ; f. k: m; q0 e8 f. B& s
    300多个,不小的工作量啊。。。暂没这个精力

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    发表于 2015-11-19 21:46:31 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 css 于 2015-11-19 21:48 编辑
    4 _; x3 \8 S. D9 w( _: w6 `2 ~( A) h6 \& x+ ?, g
    条目:  cognation
    " t# I" F* M4 e/ w! M问题: 如图所示, i 应为 in

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 21:55:07 | 显示全部楼层
    sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 21:13/ |& I' k) T9 B  [0 W7 S8 h
    楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊.., X2 _$ \5 B+ l
    更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过 ...
    , h1 I0 |/ x2 h" m
    你把300多个See picture及其前面的文字保存了么?要不发给我看看能否用程序给整理出来

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    发表于 2015-11-19 22:00:33 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 css 于 2015-11-19 22:01 编辑 ) q0 \$ q6 P, I( t
    $ U* y* R# k% ]2 i4 d
    条目: COW/till (or until) the cows come home
      z  Y5 V( o2 W! o问题: 如图所示, d 应为 and

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