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[词典校勘] 【精校人员募集】World Book Dictionary, 2015 勘误专帖

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 楼主| 发表于 2015-11-17 22:51:04 | 显示全部楼层
eeshu 发表于 2015-11-17 22:17
8 H: w! J8 Z" Z+ S) M2 B# H11.17日帖,共四处问题:
a forest reserve的版式与其他用例不一致
8 D: ?( @' L2 R* v- r5 Z, h
特地做成这样的。。。
0 U- M2 x& _( G/ k' \超短例句不换行,因为不换行所以用字体区分
. f' ^: o( Q- ^; S连续多个超短例句用/隔开并换行
0 u2 }8 `$ P0 t( {1 J' `为了达到这个效果写了几十行程序。。。

点评

啊,这样啊!实际使用是没什么,但是这样的排版逻辑还是有点怪。你看第二幅图里的⇒ reserved comment.难道不比a forest reserve更短吗?体例一致才不容易让人误解吧。  发表于 2015-11-18 07:59

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 楼主| 发表于 2015-11-18 12:24:25 | 显示全部楼层
eeshu 发表于 2015-11-17 22:173 J: Z, }. e- F$ P& o
11.17日帖,共四处问题:
$ |8 s. e. V, D) I( v! L

2 I0 R1 }4 j" d5 u+ W也是,下一版改为字体和别的例句一致,但仍然不换行不加=>
+ s$ `3 e. G; U- a$ M, Y' L实在想换行自己再调整CSS,我是觉得两三个单词就占一行太浪费,看着也不平衡

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发表于 2015-11-18 15:22:59 | 显示全部楼层

6 m4 P  [3 H" l' h; h! i5 }1 N-2015年11月18日 15:22:53 本帖 1 个bug -
3 p3 g' L5 ?1 ?0 I# Q; gmythical 条
6 x& k8 U  a, `% J( N6 {" z* \! snot real; made-up; aginary:
, P' ~( C; b0 q3 e4 v( [aginary 应为 imaginary 。
- `6 x# ?# u8 ~& k; k5 F/ l: [0 r. X) O
6 {" i/ |& i) T( j8 g

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    发表于 2015-11-18 16:53:46 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼
    ( W* M7 [6 T! X) T* S) v20151118
    6 |3 f$ ?2 I' f0 V5 q% i7 G& Fkoto条,遗漏了例句,如图
    7 e# ?8 w0 v* [4 o0 E! A! y1 u+ ^
    + q+ Y6 ~( w% X# D5 N. l例句文本为:in upper class houses, the koto ... is studied by the daughters as part of their education and refinement (Atlantic).

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    zongyyc纠错专楼
    7 J% P- T. I$ d, Y* a" m201511180 _+ {, r; r+ S9 `8 `  H
    koto条,释义中的zither-like的换行连接符似乎可以去掉,因为这是电子版,不存在pdf中换行的问题,如图9 e4 n% @0 [6 |9 f; [+ K+ G

    ( ]" Q& X( n# s错误:zither-like 应改为zitherlike

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    * x. T5 I2 ?9 E) n, t& i8 J20151118- {3 G5 t! y, t8 z* M/ C& r0 y% [1 _
    kowtow条,intransitive verb释义之后遗漏了SYN: fawn, truckle,如图
    * k1 [7 i5 h) V3 v6 h5 ~7 c$ n* b: w3 l* V! [4 L0 h" W
    应加上:SYN: fawn, truckle.

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    % w1 \) w  b4 [* p20151118" o; u) S' t+ W$ i$ c
    rap over the knuckles条,第2个释义遗漏了例句,如图
    9 d6 W* D$ P9 a3 K
    7 i1 g4 P3 {; D# L" |例句文本为:Taking the license away from the underground paper "Georgia Straight" without adequate reason resulted in ... a rap over the knuckles for [the mayor] from the federal government (Canadian Saturday Night).

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    # H8 m: b% i! O1 ~) a201511184 @/ w4 u7 y5 _% l2 c, U1 R
    私以为可以将pdf正文前的多篇文章也加入词条,以完善词典的内容,并更好的使用词典。
    * K# h: d' A  A  J: k3 a1、Where English comes from
    + W6 f1 m1 }6 x3 }# F7 jThe English language has existed for hundreds of years.7 ]3 h$ {4 B% Q0 |. D
    Many words came into English from various European languages.7 {2 E, M3 ?' |2 [5 V
    For example, St. Augustine and other Latin-speaking( |& s1 q2 E  K# l  u1 a4 i
    missionaries to England used such words as bishop and7 E9 F. F& o- ~. b
    priest. Latin was the language of scholarship and religion.- {$ B: y4 T6 q2 I: n3 ?: S" X5 [
    Wherever Latin scholars, missionaries, and government officials
    ) b3 x% U! H) ?exerted important influence, Latin words became4 `/ y; n  G2 Y0 x) P
    known. When the Scandinavians invaded and settled in Britain,
    8 L3 g( s4 l* Jsome words beginning with sk- were adopted into English.$ l4 ^" p2 G. g$ u) w7 d
    For example, skill, skirt, and sky. The Scandinavians3 {% R7 w, K- y" q4 B& m
    also contributed important pronouns such as their, them,1 z8 ^4 y# u5 v3 k0 [8 j" s- P
    and they. Words of French origin include army, blue, chair,
    - _! Q! S: h- W: W2 i$ idinner, government, jolly, mayor, paper, and towel. Balcony,( T5 f) p% N  H
    piano, and pizza come from Italy; fiesta and siesta,
    ; ^- D8 P% d4 Yfrom Spain; orchestra, from Greece; boomerang, from Australia;3 {" {) @% w+ D
    vodka, from Russia; and igloo, from the Eskimos.5 ?$ j5 e' e* A
       English is always growing and changing. Words constantly
    * H  g( Q) _7 Eare being added and falling into disuse. Many words that
    9 Q( x; f" L8 kyou hear, speak, and read today were not part of the language% ~- w- Z7 m1 U9 }5 |& _/ e
    your grandparents used. Look in a dictionary published  c/ _$ H5 Q1 h9 ]7 |6 l
    at that time and you will not find such words as astronaut,
    " y- m! f. `, t/ ~" p* V" Tculture shock, miniskirt, rolamite, and microfiche.
    " V8 p1 |# P( l+ V* W; @Every time new inventions, scientific discoveries, art forms,+ Q4 g$ B3 j1 `8 P5 R7 z
    or fashions appear that do not have names to identify them,  c: c, x7 Y4 J, P: h0 p8 _% i
    new words must be invented or old words given new applications,
    # Y( k* q$ j( g, R+ e9 ]5 Ior taken from other languages.4 D. ]# x* G5 t
       When words are not used, they become obsolete. Obsolete/ A$ _1 V1 g# @. m
    words are included in the dictionary because they are8 K+ b/ M& t* X+ ?
    part of our history and our culture. You will want to know
    # q! \/ a9 a) u1 a% Q9 {: m/ Qwhat they mean when you read them in old books or hear9 ^5 v/ @7 M4 A1 H) e
    them used in plays written a long time ago. Before the automobile
    4 Z$ t! B7 B/ G* H- `was a common form of transportation, people traveled/ d+ ^3 g1 q- R1 z$ c( n1 b4 h; {
    in buggies drawn by horses. Now when you hear or* Z, k5 ^" B0 u+ H9 e6 B
    see the word buggy you are inclined to think of something+ a2 |& J1 P, t/ [! T
    old-fashioned or insect-ridden.
    ; H8 n6 f8 t  l2 a4 Q! \  Many words have changed their meanings. For example,* Y/ p* e+ e- v+ ~# @/ L( o
    sly and crafty people were once described as "pretty." At
    , H8 R3 `# n4 A. v# Pone time, when people wanted to picture someone as stupid
    & k" A/ r; D/ G, g- rand ignorant they referred to that person as "nice." Today,7 t! U# |! ^6 l8 N3 V( a
    if someone tells us we are "nice" and "pretty," we feel flattered,
    7 f6 R! p0 x, snot insulted.& W. D8 k3 l1 r
       These are only a few of the ways in which language
    / F: q1 K% j3 v5 W" n: m/ \changes and grows. By knowing how words become part of
    * ?7 T8 O; f; G9 O5 {5 c. F/ xa language, you discover important clues to social, political,: @3 r: }1 l; n. r
    and cultural changes that take place in the history of a
    ; m2 `3 A7 [! S$ h4 H) l* kcountry using that language.
    3 C( i/ m) v' b+ b% P- k   The story of how English originated is a fascinating one.3 e& p3 p# E, l

    0 O4 r/ ]2 y$ ?* v) |$ |# |) \How English began& z& C! G( |6 h/ l) Y
    English comes from a common ancestral language believed
    1 K0 T3 V& Y  c  l- Dto have existed a very long time ago. It has been called2 Q8 k* B: s  D
    Indo-European. About 4,500 years ago, the people who3 s- P( n2 r$ n' C0 ]
    spoke varying forms of this language split into groups that. k  E9 X+ p5 H( @8 M
    drifted into Europe and parts of Asia. Different speech communities$ P8 i0 ?- [8 ^6 t
    developed within these widespread groups eventually8 I' r: E! C7 k% t
    giving rise to several languages including Latin, from/ H3 x" w  p0 H" P# F: Y
    which many of the languages spoken in Europe today developed.3 I- T, Q' N5 ?  Z
    One group of Indo-European languages is known as2 ], w( O* h4 J7 Z! t8 H  U; t
    Germanic, and this is the primary parent language of English
    8 _( a5 u$ Y' N, Mand German.
    2 l9 P) w% N& _; ]' @4 G0 O2 N7 M  Warrior-adventurers, who spoke Germanic, invaded what
    2 R3 Q# S# j9 |3 [0 @5 H  cis now Great Britain about A.D. 450. The invaders—called! M: a0 k* |& \; j& e9 N6 }) b
    Angles, Saxons, and Jutes—all spoke similar dialects. The
    4 n3 M1 a: A5 S) t) C. G6 k1 F4 Ypeople they conquered, known as Britons, spoke Celtic. The: k& N+ r. |! f& H+ `9 Q
    Celtic language included Latin words because conquering; m8 h/ Y1 I- R! n
    Roman troops occupied Britain from A.D. 43 until the 400's.# G5 I! r* \: c
    The troops had to return home to defend Rome against invading5 P. [$ A6 Y- o- L3 C
    armies. The Germanic tribes conquered Britain after
    ( s% i. u- j8 N, z: nthe Romans left.
    , o* {3 N+ m2 A" O, V2 U   As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the9 M# b3 m5 i+ u; x
    Celtic languages gradually retreated. Since the Celtic people
    2 k$ D+ [4 {: R7 |% W; Rwere forced to communicate with their rulers, the history of6 h4 G. t: V1 C9 Z4 {+ j( k
    the English language begins with the take-over of Britain by
    . A( O, I3 m3 j. p* Rthe Germanic tribes. As a result, Celtic made only a small2 Y) t# m$ L- I
    contribution to the English vocabulary with words such as4 I2 J, s$ ^" v0 \/ h+ t" @" ]
    crag and bin. However, many place names were adopted$ B5 Q' F! d$ H2 c( j- i2 d' c
    from the Celtic. Among them are Avon, Kent, London,2 M$ f1 z9 y1 N0 S
    Ouse, and Thames. Small groups of people living in Ireland,: E7 g& h' ], x8 f6 s
    Wales, and the Scottish Highlands still speak varieties of Celtic, g6 E& q1 n* Y! l
    such as Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, and recently. V! e& c% R5 M8 p* {
    revived Irish.
    5 ?5 K* v4 c% x, ^2 ?$ i7 S  U, E1 P
    # O1 J  |2 M" K9 M  W  D9 b# ?7 ROld English2 h! L' T9 p  q  \9 V) b( n1 |3 s
    The Angles and Saxons occupied a large part of Britain. The
    ; B* Q9 f  z7 ~& N* G: m' fname of one of the former tribes eventually became the6 P" u* ?# U9 p6 N  W/ d" N* P- G
    name of the land they occupied, England. The Anglo-Saxon
    , y% u' o7 m/ J  mlanguage, now usually called Old English, became firmly established4 O( H( U, J6 W7 ^4 s
    in Britain in the period from the A.D. 500's to 1066.
    6 n) R& O8 \: K# p* _) D7 ]   Even as this happened, changes were taking place. Latinspeaking4 v4 u& D6 E$ i2 y* r& j
    Roman and Celtic missionaries under St. Augustine,9 d% J$ X2 `/ N2 f: h8 W
    began spreading Christianity in Britain. The introduction of
    " n( Q' x5 D1 LChristianity exerted a great impact on the English language.
    8 h1 t/ W, Y; ^Religion brought with it many new ideas and customs. And
    ( R0 _) r* ]% y9 p, W: \" e- o/ j7 zChristianity used Latin. In their attempt to identify and deal/ n- q$ T1 a: Z. n
    with all these new ideas and customs, the Anglo-Saxons did; s! j0 f9 V; u& @( _
    not hesitate to borrow from Latin the special vocabulary6 \6 t# v6 a4 a# y6 t6 v$ A
    needed for the new religious life. Among the words taken# i* M3 J* I7 f2 L9 K
    from Church Latin which still survive are:7 i) n% p9 n5 @. N& [& t
    - f8 J; b% B2 g) i# q
    Latin Old English Modern English1 j$ V. c$ Q5 X- m$ x
    abbatis abbod abbot
    . x$ Q' `3 k& u/ U, scandela candel candle3 Y$ o* D1 S  H4 o
    altare altar altar
    4 p$ _# R; w6 W8 ]amen amen amen
    4 [2 \. y7 i0 R0 ?4 {) F4 T& yapostolus apostol apostle
    9 W0 i* Y* e" u; |6 i7 q( {3 G! I/ ?4 _( O) F! m% r0 {; o
      However, users of Old English did not borrow as heavily( W* h; ?) X0 o$ J! a
    from Latin and other languages in this period as they did) q8 V$ g# |4 W- A# z5 z8 \
    later when there was greater communication with the Continent.3 {9 p( Q3 Z9 X$ }5 X0 ~
    Sometimes they changed the meanings of native
    " ]1 E+ Z) D- V& `7 kwords. The word for Easter (eastron) originally was the/ N5 t* Q" D* f+ L4 Q  `  p
    name for the spring festival honoring the goddess of dawn.
    , \2 u# @. [: S% X, p2 a; s" tCeol (Yule), the name of the festival held to celebrate the
    , U$ F% B+ Q) P/ G% d. d" z( ppassing of the shortest day of the year, came to denote
    3 L5 F8 Q) a3 d# f7 |# gChristmas.
    ' F% g; E. Y1 M9 }8 E7 J   Native ingenuity was shown in creating new words by  d; `* w# l, h" p% _
    combining two native words in much the same way as we
    . c9 H, n0 _! K9 Q6 ]now combine words such as space and worthy to form
    2 D; U1 e) i8 D3 _+ mspaceworthy. Old English words such as Icececraft (leechcraft),
    ) N/ A, V/ y" c5 c( wmeaning medicine, and handboc (handbook), meaning- P; U9 G% i  P  ?/ Z. `8 l; C
    manual, illustrate this practice.0 {7 x5 [7 A: \
       The growth of the Old English vocabulary during this' W" i: k8 T& Y* u
    period of language history reflects the growth of English culture.  i/ h3 ~, d# U/ M- e* K$ E
    Because of the Church's influence, scholarship was encouraged7 L( h' h. Q' Z9 v7 u* r, f: r
    and Britain began its rise as one of the intellectual
    9 Q2 o7 L5 A8 D4 fleaders of Europe.
    * ]# y8 H! y+ p& k7 B4 m   Toward the end of the 700's, hardy Vikings from Denmark,& I5 e) k3 U5 L! L2 h+ p) _4 ~5 v) T
    Norway, and Sweden began invading and settling in
    6 A, e* j" T& T' Y; A* X- wmany parts of Britain. By the 1000's, a Danish king ruled5 H8 B5 O5 Z4 b3 w$ W/ i
    Britain. As a result of the invasions from the Danish peninsula,# a5 i/ N( g" \& g) O
    many Scandinavian words became part of English.' \: H$ }) P2 A# m& i% [
    These did not identify new ideas and objects. They were everyday0 f7 g. X& r" [. @, A
    words for which the English already had terms and expressions.
    ) R2 q9 R9 D, }* }   Why did the Scandinavian words exist side by side with
    ! @3 O) R: U& S* ^! dEnglish words instead of replacing them? The Scandinavian! D2 I9 s3 p6 F+ r6 K
    invaders were Germanic people like the Anglo-Saxons. Their
      a" h5 ]8 n" `2 S% H: \6 ncultures were similar and their languages enough alike so8 _9 ?9 K( E$ N8 z2 \  X8 g
    that they understood one another. Many words were exactly
    # i) c4 T5 F$ y. b7 y- _- Aalike, such as father, husband, house, life, man, mother,
    7 v3 ]+ G9 G+ m- a6 A/ s6 Ysummer, wife, and winter. Other words were so much alike
    5 H! {5 E; T2 X8 ~( ~they were used interchangeably., X9 I) f8 U: J1 m4 B$ Q
       Although the Scandinavians and the English fought each
    5 W8 s8 |7 y( D) O( O' rother, many Scandinavians settled peacefully in Britain, married
    5 G. d/ X; `! E* sEnglish women, and raised families. Often both languages& |' @9 e8 p( K4 U  ?$ N# ?4 a
    were spoken in the same household. Where different& W* W. |& L( h- y0 S; L2 V
    words existed for the same thing, the Old English word usually
    8 n8 d8 r' `  e" P# d# Xwon out, but there were some exceptions. The results of
    2 L7 j1 [5 b) v$ w* K6 q/ Uthis absorption of language through close contact is seen in
    - m  u. L. [: i# I$ M/ Dthe histories of such words from Scandinavia as skirt, skill,+ x( j' R3 M+ A9 P) N
    window, leg, gasp, birth, glitter, they, their, them, egg.
    5 o) u: u6 n2 u2 q- t2 U/ A+ {3 f   Scholars believe that at least 900 words of Scandinavian1 w( Q) x9 [1 Z0 T
    origin have survived in modern Standard English. Many8 `, E' P; Z7 i. `
    more are still in use in Great Britain. They are found in dialects* ^1 I- G0 R  U- [5 S
    spoken in regions heavily settled by the Swedes,* C; S; Q- ?" t( s7 N' ~
    Danes, and Norse in those early days.& A* T( o: Z- O# X: R( m" }- L
    / O5 G( S* I9 h  Y( k. d! y
    Middle English
    . A+ C- S" W8 a% [6 \, H- I3 COld English began to undergo a great change when the Normans% q  R( ~( `+ ?6 O
    invaded England from France in 1066. Until then, in
    # `2 X6 J# J1 R; I, y3 p+ Tspite of the Latin brought in by the introduction of Christianity,
    - j) z0 s$ H% L! Dthe influence on English was overwhelmingly Germanic.) d  x# }& R4 c( t! i- J0 _
    The Normans began a process that brought many
    3 a4 l' A% p  C* l3 L. FFrench words into the English language. They replaced the
    # S$ S, |6 V  LEnglish as rulers, chief landholders, and church officials and2 _8 n0 z" v/ [: i
    Norman-French became the language of the ruling class.
    , p0 j" ?- H& k: s0 R+ hHowever, the common people continued to speak English.# ^* w$ ~0 ~8 x9 F% _( i
       Norman-French and Old,English existed side by side until
    7 J3 ~  u( _  @) upolitical and social changes began to favor the use of English# i" A/ B7 H! M! {  O+ n( D
    by all classes. The Normans lost control of their territory in
    ! M' k: i; E! F% ?6 K1 t$ T; HFrance in the early 1200's. Confined to Britain, the Normans& w' [3 r1 W5 R8 s0 d; _
    began to learn English. Eventually, it replaced French as the
    + i: W* ^5 X9 _3 g; c( k" V6 U" Ilanguage of the ruling class, the schools, and the courts. By' X* h5 K/ V" G
    the end of what is known as the Middle English period# Y; X7 m" r  A" e) p/ v% G
    (1100-1500), English again had established itself as the major# r, r3 C( \# _5 G0 u
    language in Britain.
    8 e# n4 K: ^1 F. y  During this period, English continued to borrow words
    ) r3 x( E8 s" n% k$ i. C' Tfrom French and from Latin. In the English we now speak,
    3 u& l5 }4 F/ h/ Q, qmore than half of the words in common use come from
    ( w* S6 R2 i* B, O% i) X, E* q1 G7 Zthese two sources. Many words from Old English and Anglo-
    % w5 i& P/ @8 F8 z" pFrench that are roughly synonymous exist side by side today.
    ( M8 ?4 h# @; k6 w1 V! g" M8 qFor example, dress and clothes, aid and help, royal
    4 Y1 u2 R6 ^6 m) X4 K: q( Band kingly. In addition, trade between Britain and the Low  M. }1 T# g% G, E
    Countries, especially Holland, accounts for the inclusion of
    # v) ?2 y. ~4 Lperhaps as many as 2,500 words of Dutch origin in the English
    * L( W9 g* n0 J" j+ C( y2 a* y! u/ e, nlanguage. Some examples are: boom (at the bottom of a3 |* U& h6 ]6 y, P+ U
    sail), deck, easel, etch, freight, furlough, and stoop (porch
    / Y9 W, [# A. F9 t( xor entrance).
    ( K( Y  p2 E. r2 g" F   Before the Norman invasion, a great change in English1 B- ?& C( N3 ~" y, o( _! ^
    was beginning to shift grammatical and pronunciation patterns.9 e( W& t% y  Y0 _' w
    However, the coming of the Normans accelerated
      L$ m  S6 i# [; `5 Fthese changes. Everyday use, growth of dialects, and contact
    , Z- n2 k6 e+ T/ W* ]with foreign languages caused inflections (word endings) to3 Y3 p; {' s1 u% m
    lose their distinctive meanings and their usefulness. Instead: _) f6 }# y5 D  n
    of depending on word endings to give exact meaning to a8 E; a+ [9 @$ @
    sentence, as had been the case in Old English, word order8 a! y$ R- ~( N' Q- y5 @9 T; K
    became the important indicator.
    ! x& J- M* m$ G. A   In Old English, for example, To his J>eowum se feeder cwaeoK5 a: J- Q9 U3 X4 @/ t. D
    meaning "The father said to his servants" or "To his servants
    ) T. `. G. @0 n. |  Ithe father said," would have the same meaning no matter
      ^9 m! t! i5 j+ y' Zhow the words were placed in the sentence. The -urn4 ]$ J- L, h# n& o
    ending on beow(um) would always indicate who was being3 v8 i5 j0 ^* ~# q# ]
    spoken to. In modern English, if we shift word order to
    2 s4 R3 w3 t3 b$ I; Omake the sentence read " His servants said to the father,"
    $ m( F$ Q+ r- cthe meaning would be quite different.
    7 j9 ?7 g8 P2 y1 S   English still retains some inflections, including plurals and2 a* a6 ^5 |! |9 e8 v7 k
    the verb endings. But Middle English had far fewer inflections9 z! R8 o; A$ f: G" C. O, j+ V( w
    than Old English.; C) U# a" P2 k' O1 t
    8 ?) R" z9 f+ j5 Y
    Modern English
    3 @. F+ N; J$ j% |, _- B* j8 Z  NThe Modern English period, starting about 1500, has been
    & o, z' m1 \. uconcerned for the most part with regulating and standardizing
    / I& e% L2 A3 \0 {7 Zthe language. But attempts to fix English into a permanent! J4 ?: A# F# k" ^1 w
    form failed. The way a language is used gives it life,
    : u* W- e3 n& J# _and usage produces change.7 S7 A& z" h- I/ b% j0 |& [
       However, fixing a language and freezing its usages into a0 |# m6 H& J2 ~
    form that tolerates no change is different from trying to
    8 d1 L  i2 J" m' c' Zstandardize its spelling so that communication between inhabitants" \' t. d0 E- d0 i* h# N9 H- W
    of various regions of the country is easy and effective.
    " z. Q* L% d: c) b  n$ L* R9 C   Several factors contributed to establishing Standard English* Q+ w% G% E! e* z& i+ @/ o) d
    spelling and some forms of usage and many of the traits that- Q* u& P! Q8 H: O, \+ j5 p
    exist in modern English. These factors included the introduction
    " M: E  T; l4 w+ rof the printing press into England in 1477 by William& I' z% y0 N! Z+ O4 F. [2 c: W( t
    Caxton, the revival of interest in literature, and the growth of* }8 l8 t5 c* H
    popular education.
    ; k" e0 d+ u3 R, p9 Q) ]   The need for standardization was recognized as early as
    ( V+ p, o# ^2 g4 @4 \/ T7 Jthe mid-1300's. From that time, the London dialect (East
    7 p& P; [$ S0 K7 d" Q+ [& rMidland) was gradually adopted from the four main dialects
    * H" G& w9 U' T' v' pin existence (Northern, East and West Midland, and Southern)$ C+ T" n6 q5 D5 f: q( x. I
    as the basis for Standard English. The choice was made7 J) i/ g2 V1 A% A( f, e5 t
    because the London dialect was the language of contracts
      G+ ]0 {6 o" G1 Y" n/ uand commerce and the speech of the ruling court. All official
    4 J3 @/ |8 L1 m! Y' Z$ xdocuments originating there were written in the London" V7 v! D2 _/ o+ x8 c
    dialect. Furthermore, the translation of the Book of Common
    , o, f! t. R$ I) hPrayer and the King James version of the Bible became tremendous8 |7 P' L$ j8 h' ]/ w0 A6 M
    forces for elevated English.
    % \9 ^3 `' K9 R$ O* C4 a1 q   Before Caxton, literary works were written for the most5 _( _7 [# Q& C1 Y* Y
    part in the dialect of the author. Spoken dialects continued
    - s6 y  x' X" V/ d# s, Dfor a long time and, indeed, still exist. But, by the end of the
    5 V3 o( ^, E, r# u% l: w1400's, the London dialect was becoming accepted literary! D9 x- I% }! O& |! i7 D( s
    usage.& d# ~5 h6 x) u% {
       By the early part of the 1600's, more than 20,000 different8 c& F& o5 t, r5 A; m) [  L7 T
    works were printed in England alone. Books were available! f$ i1 q3 J$ a- d; o
    to all who could read and afford them. The printed
    3 W' t2 e7 ^1 G# _' ?- {word helped to make spelling more uniform. Up until that
    , @8 K" Z# w1 u8 Itime spelling usually varied from region to region.
    6 T9 v2 K. m( }* j& b, F  From the 1500's through the 1700's, many writers experimented& i7 ?1 t8 ~; D6 {  Z
    with words. Over 10,000 new words entered the
    : }. e4 E0 G3 d/ W1 }) D% kEnglish language. Many of these were taken from Latin and
    2 X9 h5 l& O- iGreek by scholars who wanted to replace the forms earlier3 w) `1 g( Y# e* y' a
    adopted from French. Translators and writers believed the
    - D: O  @) ]4 i' P" n7 i; d/ x" ulanguage was rough, unpolished, and incapable of doing
    - b6 i# N1 G! w, Z, Kwhat Latin and Greek had done, and what Italian could do.2 W. m% |/ q3 [/ d+ A" z7 S
    They set about enlarging the vocabulary, chiefly by translating
    7 j8 U7 ~% {5 n& D3 kwords from Greek and Latin. More than twenty-five per
    0 ]0 T5 z+ {3 B2 [1 l# Z! T) Acent of modern English words come almost directly from
    # ~. v9 ?- _  G* A0 B# M1 pclassical languages. Very often we have two words that go% o1 w- i/ A  G1 U2 l3 p9 W
    back to the same Latin original—one brought in by the Normans,
    / s' x1 ~% C- i. }* }' u: l  n* Sand one taken in directly. For example, words such as: B9 X  x, P3 v) o! O4 |
    paint and picture, certainty and certitude. The adoption of
    9 l) Q! t9 J0 L% }8 m- B9 mGreek and Latin forms became so abundant and so outrageous, N' J5 ~2 c: M! a, j% F8 n- w5 m
    that many of these borrowings were dubbed "inkhorn. Q& l6 e3 ?8 F- ^2 e! p/ H
    terms" because of their bookishness. However, some of2 H, }" T5 w9 u9 Y
    these terms were useful and necessary and they have survived
    & X& M# J1 b; K" i& Ito this day. Among them are conduct, dexterity, extinguish,% H/ d/ p+ Y7 L2 l& R5 y
    scientific, and spurious.
    : P4 J: ^& _2 l; |$ Z" M
    0 T/ P: E4 h" G9 H+ H- S1 D, ]American and British English
    & \4 a" b4 l! G3 oAfter the British colonized America, the English language5 P0 F  R7 }# N; E& t
    used by Americans began to change from that in the old7 f- G8 y) r+ ?
    country. The biggest factor in this change involved the need% z' L$ M) d& V* M
    to create or adopt words to identify unfamiliar objects. Animals,# V+ r: _& u" t
    trees, food, and the physical features of the land were
    : g- r" V0 N+ v) ?% xdifferent. The Americans took words from the Indians to
    . `  M1 c0 d5 g; aidentify a raccoon, a tomahawk, a papoose, and a wigwam.( Q& B. ~2 Q, J+ B
    When there were no appropriate words, they did what their+ ]% v' P3 y  Q" E$ K0 ?
    ancestors had done. They combined words and gave them, m3 D6 Q9 ~+ ]
    new meanings. The combination of garter and snake produced
    . w1 c# l6 ?, z4 V7 Fa word to describe a crawling creature they had2 P( d; f, I2 M0 ?( W+ [$ y3 u+ V
    never seen before. They named the sweet, edible root of a
    8 y3 v3 j/ V( P5 \( Tvine belonging to the morning-glory family, sweet potato.
    3 v+ [; x) r+ l4 eThey adapted from the Narraganset Indians the name for the% V2 `3 j- `' i- H- j1 h. n' M9 U
    fruit of a plant of the gourd family, the squash.1 c+ _# I7 u( G) [
      The growth of American nationalism led to a desire for# @6 r4 s7 L2 V! Q# l
    cultural as well as political independence from the mother
    % G7 W! w$ O3 X2 icountry. This, too, influenced American English, as in conscious
    / Y1 f5 P( K8 l) R/ |# H& y( sattempts to reform spelling so that in time, musick$ I1 @& n9 {( r; z
    became music, and labour became labor. New ideas in the! v) f% W6 A6 W$ d- F1 P
    arts and sciences and the coming to America of people from
      m; u; L" y( H+ f& [many different countries had a powerful effect on American4 f3 O" X9 R$ _2 o% c0 L; C
    English.2 J+ ?* v1 s- \$ S+ X8 m6 o
       Changes have not been so extensive that we speak a new
      z3 m6 C9 w& qlanguage. Many Americans may not know that when an6 N& V8 n; ?6 `* C; V
    Englishman says fitment he means an alteration, and that
    : I; {3 q/ {! F4 uthe British goods wagon is the American freight car. But, for* d6 w* j, v% H" T% }4 r
    the most part, Americans and Britons communicate easily! f/ f/ S2 ^3 M1 C" ?& v; [* l0 f
    because grammatical and phonetic patterns have not
    & }! U# ]/ c+ I  Mchanged, though many words or lexical content are different.
    & J9 Z1 @: r/ q  R6 u/ R7 u; m( Z   The gap between American and British English has
    9 t* b* A7 h3 O( b1 n6 Kbecome smaller in recent times, especially with the great increases
    / i% ?: E- P& A6 v+ z4 s, j5 vin the ease of transportation and communication.
    6 h5 R5 H4 {1 y/ Q; xNeither the Americans nor the British have any qualms
    9 g% }* j" O2 U+ n6 ^about appropriating words from other languages when they
    - `$ K2 Q" O% b$ ?+ l- o" R! N8 hexpress concepts better than native words can. The British8 s( y! o4 _, k$ K! t0 }: G
    have taken American words such as telephone, jazz, and+ J6 E6 a& e" {2 n# G3 x3 `
    typewriter. Americans take words from many languages.7 ]5 p! N$ U! [5 Q9 v- g$ Z
       English has also changed in other countries where it is
    5 {7 p% Q, U' @2 U5 M$ j- tused. Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, and others- A1 a6 d! M- ~; o/ Y  c7 ?! w2 {/ @
    have adapted English to fit their own needs. Although all
    ' r6 g( X% Q! p) _English-speaking people can generally understand each
    : L( J" S& F, z5 D. ?) ~other, each English-speaking country has developed distinctive
    4 P: S" f& B1 z! s" b5 J  ^ways of using the language. For example, New Zealanders
    . H& a! g/ d, r$ crefer to a section (a building lot in a city), Australians to! A$ @6 Y* X3 {* e/ E) c
    a mob (a group of animals), and Canadians to a chesterfield
      T, }2 z' p. Q3 G- \0 Z% z(an overstuffed sofa).* E& k2 f. e4 Q. c8 V! ~
       As long as travel and trade exist between nations, as long3 B- \7 h5 H* Z+ T* P' k6 f) T
    as large groups of people continue to settle in countries
    - J; ]! R1 o1 A" o" Jother than their native lands, and as long as the sciences" U- O% d& y* R% p
    and the arts progress, new ideas, new words, and new usages
    * i3 V' ~5 B; G2 N5 e" y, M8 H, E4 tof words will continue to keep language changing and$ I( m5 @7 _: v  H
    growing.

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-18 20:20:43 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-18 16:59  J+ u2 ~% h* f6 C: S: y6 P' X' V
    zongyyc纠错专楼' U# E1 y- b% f+ [! M
    201511182 ?+ J8 u$ Z" t/ i
    koto条,释义中的zither-like的换行连接符似乎可以去掉,因为这是电子版,不存 ...
    3 ?" [9 F; C  V
    似乎不可以去掉。。。

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-18 20:21:12 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-18 17:58* X7 i  P% C1 g# `
    zongyyc纠错专楼
    8 P7 L0 x' G1 k- E5 l3 g: u20151118! l8 V9 [. L9 {1 _6 Q5 g
    私以为可以将pdf正文前的多篇文章也加入词条,以完善词典的内容,并更好的使用 ...

    4 G. ]# q+ d+ h先不加了,不知道词头就看不见
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    [LV.Master]伴坛终老

    发表于 2015-11-19 00:33:24 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼9 I8 ~7 ~, a, c3 E  e7 W$ Y
    20151119
    : ^+ i9 Z3 k5 Da条中a2的1b例句中,judgement…中的英文省略号前应该有一个空格,如图' q* @' q* T' l4 b
    - a6 u* t, l3 V
    关于英文省略号的用法,如图
    ! n' K0 K8 g4 ]) x
    / ~- i2 s6 @  I+ J6 ]在其他词条中,同样存在英文省略号前后没有空格、或只有前或后有空格的问题,请想办法一起修改

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    [LV.Master]伴坛终老

    发表于 2015-11-19 00:58:23 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼2 `( M- W* R9 s! j0 ^; l+ V  l
    20151119
      z3 i& m& \! }* D. \; L6 h9 m1 W. VA (no period)条中第14个释义中,缺少了AAA,文字,如图
    7 z& R% N+ y- t$ ]) O

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    发表于 2015-11-19 07:54:49 | 显示全部楼层
    bt4baidu 发表于 2015-11-18 20:21
    9 {& q- v/ g/ ?; {: X# R9 ]6 y先不加了,不知道词头就看不见

    % _2 a! {2 g- ]! E可以最后做到词典信息里去,设置几个连接,美观又实用。

    该用户从未签到

     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 09:03:13 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-19 00:33
    , ~6 Z. q4 J! I0 ozongyyc纠错专楼
    , I  @) k, {& h20151119' e4 p0 |: B! s% H* d
    a条中a2的1b例句中,judgement…中的英文省略号前应该有一个空格,如图

    ! ^& G/ Z' m( }6 Ijudgement符合第四条规定,此类问题一律不改,除非造成歧义
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    [LV.Master]伴坛终老

    发表于 2015-11-19 10:03:28 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼  y& Y9 `1 R1 t+ s! c$ J
    201511191 ~0 F* a3 _8 q8 ~  B
    taken aback条中a项释义下的startled同为syn,似乎颜色应与前2个单词一致。如图
    5 l( F6 v" J0 h

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    发表于 2015-11-19 10:15:37 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼
    # ^' K9 \, e  G. C1 O201511199 x* w+ z) t9 y8 s9 _7 _
    abash条中的例句似乎应该是2条,而不是1条,应该分开单列更好,如图
    * \( {  w9 B. j9 |0 }- m5 ~
    * e3 i1 n9 Z# ~! z7 l* u

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    发表于 2015-11-19 10:48:30 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc纠错专楼4 p9 K) F& D5 T6 }% C
    20151119
    ) a/ y/ L: C. R/ ~abject条中第3项释义下的groveling同为syn,似乎颜色应与前1个单词一致,如图
    " v4 A( d2 D& Y& \, m2 I  |  F

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 12:54:35 | 显示全部楼层
    zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-19 10:15
    ; h% |" `) Q, ?) X$ d* Lzongyyc纠错专楼- r# e4 w: I( c: X" K- ^8 |
    20151119
    & T5 z! y" C- L4 Rabash条中的例句似乎应该是2条,而不是1条,应该分开单列更好,如图
    5 r, R8 Z" @0 n2 _) q" ^: N2 C" B5 q
    确实。。。
    8 |, f& h% T) [' o, a+ l0 s  B( k% A8 T8 l- G2 B
    abject条中第3项释义下的groveling同为syn,似乎颜色应与前1个单词一致
    ' x( B" d2 w& j7 s7 f5 Q( L* {
    前面是链接,所以颜色不一样。問題なし

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    发表于 2015-11-19 14:27:04 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 sky66 于 2015-11-19 14:28 编辑
    : o  e% q" ^% o0 s  g, v7 D( v9 C' B3 }0 b; U
    1.        2d
    : u) h' E; y, x& Z9 z& P词头应该是S.W. 2d
    * b, A# B/ P" {5 H1 U0 f7 b一般认知2d = two-dimensional
    - o9 c: ^0 i! _4 p用2d= sw. 这个词条, 感觉不太适当
    2 H$ T1 W! c3 ^4 W. E$ [
    1 t$ X  I5 z% i, |4 M6 k: c$ R! C2.        characteristic
    5 c, p0 k6 A: y2 x) `  zmantissa is.954243 V2 R: e) }/ r; o; B7 C
    =>
    % c+ Z9 N- {4 m9 k- \! O" Kmantissa is .95424
    . C, x/ j8 x/ V1 V, S9 _缺少空格" g9 Q1 z% d( q% E
    - ~( _2 B( O/ j' b$ g. r
    3.        mantissa& W3 x  @* r: S; @) Z- j
    mantissa is.95424! y6 ?7 d; }$ M7 p7 i4 ^
    =>0 p2 R2 E( Q- D1 x- g2 S) W, T6 v
    mantissa is .95424
    ' K' i5 |7 o; S2 d释义内容举相同例子, 所以一样缺少空格
    # y# J8 l2 u4 _- C7 l/ ?0 E1 {& Z9 ^. q$ U
    4.       
    ) H6 d# J2 x) P" n& i以问题2&3 用正则去找 \l\.\d\d\d 共26处* U) {( `* i& ~! M$ P* X) u
    这26处我已逐一确认过, 都要加一个空白
      }* ?+ o9 N4 W! Y/ S- D& Q如: decimal point条 2.03 or.623. 应为2.03 or .623.- L8 _9 }+ c5 o
    ( l- z; H8 I2 O( K3 D
    用正则去找 \l\.\d\d  则有46处4 s6 r0 p6 L# W4 |+ g' s7 r7 x
    用正则去找 \l\.\d  则有52处& @1 ^. j% [; x: j
    但这就有例外了,  如: aurea mediocritas条的II.x.5 在WBD_old也没有空白
    * Z2 l1 j6 C" J/ u+ v请恕我不能一一截图列举.
    6 }0 A- n/ }( ]7 |7 c/ k! V

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 19:07:29 | 显示全部楼层
    sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 14:27( S  G& q" B" c! s1 F
    1.        2d
    2 Z: ^: r& a; w. H. H- d词头应该是S.W. 2d
    ( ~; ]& L7 g, m- Y一般认知2d = two-dimensional

    $ S) |/ b# j/ f! F/ H1. 词头提取错误,要改程序。类似错误全文仅5处,能发现很不容易啊- |1 a5 A& {! d4 w5 N# _7 v
    2-4 统一由程序处理了# f# ~9 {3 I/ G/ N# U6 f8 ~
    II.x.5 这种是章节,不应该有空白

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    发表于 2015-11-19 21:13:22 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 sky66 于 2015-11-19 21:20 编辑
    . R5 R% y9 i6 i7 A  F2 K+ d+ T6 k$ B
    5 y5 N1 X3 R7 y$ M楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊..5 O$ [7 n( C2 M
    更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过释义千言万语..  w. h- r7 {, Q. x' s

    % O9 R0 Y# m0 B前两天有提到” See picture under”的问题.- L- P& K- c5 o- Y( @
    因为PDF Volume 1已经有OCR , 今天找时间搜寻PDF vol.1 “See picture under” 共有301个结果, 然而解开mdx只发现五个..: }2 A  X: x. N
    不知有没有机会将这300个放进mdx? 这样可以方便找到相关图片
    8 t9 n0 M4 ]4 R. O. b3 q
    ; \% o( R& M. k/ l; n我自己有想个不很完美的方式, 就是将PDF vol.1直接存成TXT, 然后抽出(.{35})(See picture under )(.{2,20}?)\.
    ' n# I7 ~8 B6 h* h1 M4 W# o) P之后建立emeditor的批次置换清单:6 I' C" P! a/ x% S
    on\t\1\t\1\2<a href=”entry://\3”>\3</a>.
    $ j9 ~8 _3 m) m再去用emeditor批次置换mdx内的文本..
    ' @! t  ?9 |* O$ w(数字35只是初步测试, 数字太小, 担心重复机率太高, 替换到不该换的词条…数字太大又怕OCR错误太多, 到时候找不到置换的词条..)
    & M2 G: V1 _# d+ C% A- e/ [! k. ]# j8 Q- r) s4 @- C
    因为我的pc不够快, 要处理很费时, 也没有考虑太多OCR错字以及数字问题..( v. S8 w( F* L
    只能先初步测试抽取了64组See picture under
    7 f# r+ ]$ C/ O9 l# u7 T最后成功置换47组..例如airframe、bobcat
    9 }4 N9 b$ W$ h- R  @- c8 \5 b, k9 N
    替换清单内容:, j* z- }9 [' n/ z9 t7 r
    on        r lynx of North America; bay lynx.         r lynx of North America; bay lynx. See picture under <a href="entry://lynx">lynx</a>.; ^6 [' ?/ _+ g0 \, y! R% ?
    on        listic missile, or of a dirigible.         listic missile, or of a dirigible. See picture under <a href="entry://airship">airship</a>.4 T) p: f% X( p9 C9 _$ B3 c" x
    . |; g% q/ m& N$ o7 l

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 21:30:51 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 bt4baidu 于 2015-11-19 21:32 编辑
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    sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 21:13
      v# h" d$ r# X! J楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊..
    $ _$ j: O5 a: ^. W- m  x" ]( L更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过 ...
    9 O  c- H2 ?7 C8 n' L& Q9 q$ P

    " G7 k1 z6 A+ A' B, ~+ ~2 W; T这么多。。。( X: B: v- |1 ?3 G; u
    要做的话,只有整理成一个文档,由程序批量替换了,写成这种格式:) n( k* ~& p' u; F3 i
    词头 \t bay lynx. \t See picture under <B>lynx</B>.
    " p  h3 D& C( ^9 R0 P
    ; q0 D+ J4 c9 i, d5 _. F$ X我会把<B>自动转为链接,所以不用写<a href...
    ; L& n3 K+ X" {1 z- P* I, a+ p
    : d* n7 Q, l- `8 d300多个,不小的工作量啊。。。暂没这个精力

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    发表于 2015-11-19 21:46:31 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 css 于 2015-11-19 21:48 编辑
    & s: P0 j/ Q) G" i' ?6 @/ X7 z6 k1 i0 C9 k0 q/ V: Z# d, c
    条目:  cognation' h7 a4 o/ O& b' A* v9 F1 q" f
    问题: 如图所示, i 应为 in

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     楼主| 发表于 2015-11-19 21:55:07 | 显示全部楼层
    sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 21:13
    $ _: D1 b+ K  ~1 N楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊..
      @8 y9 {0 {8 `更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过 ...
    8 Z3 E% Q% r. @5 W% b5 {
    你把300多个See picture及其前面的文字保存了么?要不发给我看看能否用程序给整理出来

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    发表于 2015-11-19 22:00:33 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 css 于 2015-11-19 22:01 编辑 % w* P8 j8 V' ~( Y: d/ T' m) F7 z9 @
      @# T, S" E0 ^- E8 R
    条目: COW/till (or until) the cows come home
    ) c5 P2 ~0 F5 }$ y/ F9 Q问题: 如图所示, d 应为 and

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