【精校人员募集】World Book Dictionary, 2015 勘误专帖

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-17 22:51:04

eeshu 发表于 2015-11-17 22:17
7 d+ f8 `- y: ]& e8 f/ I( ]% f11.17日帖，共四处问题：

a forest reserve的版式与其他用例不一致

特地做成这样的。。。

超短例句不换行，因为不换行所以用字体区分
连续多个超短例句用/隔开并换行
为了达到这个效果写了几十行程序。。。

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-18 12:24:25

eeshu 发表于 2015-11-17 22:17
" H4 @% {! ^' {11.17日帖，共四处问题：

也是，下一版改为字体和别的例句一致，但仍然不换行不加=>
实在想换行自己再调整CSS，我是觉得两三个单词就占一行太浪费，看着也不平衡

Oeasy · 发表于 2015-11-18 15:22:59

-2015年11月18日 15:22:53 本帖 1 个bug -
mythical 条
not real; made-up; aginary:
aginary 应为 imaginary 。

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-18 16:53:46

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151118
koto条，遗漏了例句，如图

例句文本为：in upper class houses, the koto ... is studied by the daughters as part of their education and refinement (Atlantic).

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-18 16:59:25

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151118
koto条，释义中的zither-like的换行连接符似乎可以去掉，因为这是电子版，不存在pdf中换行的问题，如图

错误：zither-like 应改为zitherlike

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-18 17:05:25

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151118
kowtow条，intransitive verb释义之后遗漏了SYN: fawn, truckle，如图

应加上：SYN: fawn, truckle.

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-18 17:21:19

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151118
rap over the knuckles条，第2个释义遗漏了例句，如图

例句文本为：Taking the license away from the underground paper "Georgia Straight" without adequate reason resulted in ... a rap over the knuckles for [the mayor] from the federal government (Canadian Saturday Night).

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-18 17:58:01

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151118
私以为可以将pdf正文前的多篇文章也加入词条，以完善词典的内容，并更好的使用词典。
1、Where English comes from
The English language has existed for hundreds of years.
Many words came into English from various European languages.
For example, St. Augustine and other Latin-speaking
missionaries to England used such words as bishop and
priest. Latin was the language of scholarship and religion.
Wherever Latin scholars, missionaries, and government officials
exerted important influence, Latin words became
known. When the Scandinavians invaded and settled in Britain,
some words beginning with sk- were adopted into English.
For example, skill, skirt, and sky. The Scandinavians
also contributed important pronouns such as their, them,
and they. Words of French origin include army, blue, chair,
dinner, government, jolly, mayor, paper, and towel. Balcony,
piano, and pizza come from Italy; fiesta and siesta,
from Spain; orchestra, from Greece; boomerang, from Australia;
vodka, from Russia; and igloo, from the Eskimos.
English is always growing and changing. Words constantly
are being added and falling into disuse. Many words that
you hear, speak, and read today were not part of the language
your grandparents used. Look in a dictionary published
at that time and you will not find such words as astronaut,
culture shock, miniskirt, rolamite, and microfiche.
Every time new inventions, scientific discoveries, art forms,
or fashions appear that do not have names to identify them,
new words must be invented or old words given new applications,
or taken from other languages.
When words are not used, they become obsolete. Obsolete
words are included in the dictionary because they are
part of our history and our culture. You will want to know
what they mean when you read them in old books or hear
them used in plays written a long time ago. Before the automobile
was a common form of transportation, people traveled
in buggies drawn by horses. Now when you hear or
see the word buggy you are inclined to think of something
old-fashioned or insect-ridden.
  Many words have changed their meanings. For example,
sly and crafty people were once described as "pretty." At
one time, when people wanted to picture someone as stupid
and ignorant they referred to that person as "nice." Today,
if someone tells us we are "nice" and "pretty," we feel flattered,
not insulted.
These are only a few of the ways in which language
changes and grows. By knowing how words become part of
a language, you discover important clues to social, political,
and cultural changes that take place in the history of a
country using that language.
The story of how English originated is a fascinating one.

How English began
English comes from a common ancestral language believed
to have existed a very long time ago. It has been called
Indo-European. About 4,500 years ago, the people who
spoke varying forms of this language split into groups that
drifted into Europe and parts of Asia. Different speech communities
developed within these widespread groups eventually
giving rise to several languages including Latin, from
which many of the languages spoken in Europe today developed.
One group of Indo-European languages is known as
Germanic, and this is the primary parent language of English
and German.
  Warrior-adventurers, who spoke Germanic, invaded what
is now Great Britain about A.D. 450. The invaders—called
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes—all spoke similar dialects. The
people they conquered, known as Britons, spoke Celtic. The
Celtic language included Latin words because conquering
Roman troops occupied Britain from A.D. 43 until the 400's.
The troops had to return home to defend Rome against invading
armies. The Germanic tribes conquered Britain after
the Romans left.
As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the
Celtic languages gradually retreated. Since the Celtic people
were forced to communicate with their rulers, the history of
the English language begins with the take-over of Britain by
the Germanic tribes. As a result, Celtic made only a small
contribution to the English vocabulary with words such as
crag and bin. However, many place names were adopted
from the Celtic. Among them are Avon, Kent, London,
Ouse, and Thames. Small groups of people living in Ireland,
Wales, and the Scottish Highlands still speak varieties of Celtic
such as Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, and recently
revived Irish.

Old English
The Angles and Saxons occupied a large part of Britain. The
name of one of the former tribes eventually became the
name of the land they occupied, England. The Anglo-Saxon
language, now usually called Old English, became firmly established
in Britain in the period from the A.D. 500's to 1066.
Even as this happened, changes were taking place. Latinspeaking
Roman and Celtic missionaries under St. Augustine,
began spreading Christianity in Britain. The introduction of
Christianity exerted a great impact on the English language.
Religion brought with it many new ideas and customs. And
Christianity used Latin. In their attempt to identify and deal
with all these new ideas and customs, the Anglo-Saxons did
not hesitate to borrow from Latin the special vocabulary
needed for the new religious life. Among the words taken
from Church Latin which still survive are:

Latin Old English Modern English
abbatis abbod abbot
candela candel candle
altare altar altar
amen amen amen
apostolus apostol apostle

  However, users of Old English did not borrow as heavily
from Latin and other languages in this period as they did
later when there was greater communication with the Continent.
Sometimes they changed the meanings of native
words. The word for Easter (eastron) originally was the
name for the spring festival honoring the goddess of dawn.
Ceol (Yule), the name of the festival held to celebrate the
passing of the shortest day of the year, came to denote
Christmas.
Native ingenuity was shown in creating new words by
combining two native words in much the same way as we
now combine words such as space and worthy to form
spaceworthy. Old English words such as Icececraft (leechcraft),
meaning medicine, and handboc (handbook), meaning
manual, illustrate this practice.
The growth of the Old English vocabulary during this
period of language history reflects the growth of English culture.
Because of the Church's influence, scholarship was encouraged
and Britain began its rise as one of the intellectual
leaders of Europe.
Toward the end of the 700's, hardy Vikings from Denmark,
Norway, and Sweden began invading and settling in
many parts of Britain. By the 1000's, a Danish king ruled
Britain. As a result of the invasions from the Danish peninsula,
many Scandinavian words became part of English.
These did not identify new ideas and objects. They were everyday
words for which the English already had terms and expressions.
Why did the Scandinavian words exist side by side with
English words instead of replacing them? The Scandinavian
invaders were Germanic people like the Anglo-Saxons. Their
cultures were similar and their languages enough alike so
that they understood one another. Many words were exactly
alike, such as father, husband, house, life, man, mother,
summer, wife, and winter. Other words were so much alike
they were used interchangeably.
Although the Scandinavians and the English fought each
other, many Scandinavians settled peacefully in Britain, married
English women, and raised families. Often both languages
were spoken in the same household. Where different
words existed for the same thing, the Old English word usually
won out, but there were some exceptions. The results of
this absorption of language through close contact is seen in
the histories of such words from Scandinavia as skirt, skill,
window, leg, gasp, birth, glitter, they, their, them, egg.
Scholars believe that at least 900 words of Scandinavian
origin have survived in modern Standard English. Many
more are still in use in Great Britain. They are found in dialects
spoken in regions heavily settled by the Swedes,
Danes, and Norse in those early days.

Middle English
Old English began to undergo a great change when the Normans
invaded England from France in 1066. Until then, in
spite of the Latin brought in by the introduction of Christianity,
the influence on English was overwhelmingly Germanic.
The Normans began a process that brought many
French words into the English language. They replaced the
English as rulers, chief landholders, and church officials and
Norman-French became the language of the ruling class.
However, the common people continued to speak English.
Norman-French and Old,English existed side by side until
political and social changes began to favor the use of English
by all classes. The Normans lost control of their territory in
France in the early 1200's. Confined to Britain, the Normans
began to learn English. Eventually, it replaced French as the
language of the ruling class, the schools, and the courts. By
the end of what is known as the Middle English period
(1100-1500), English again had established itself as the major
language in Britain.
  During this period, English continued to borrow words
from French and from Latin. In the English we now speak,
more than half of the words in common use come from
these two sources. Many words from Old English and Anglo-
French that are roughly synonymous exist side by side today.
For example, dress and clothes, aid and help, royal
and kingly. In addition, trade between Britain and the Low
Countries, especially Holland, accounts for the inclusion of
perhaps as many as 2,500 words of Dutch origin in the English
language. Some examples are: boom (at the bottom of a
sail), deck, easel, etch, freight, furlough, and stoop (porch
or entrance).
Before the Norman invasion, a great change in English
was beginning to shift grammatical and pronunciation patterns.
However, the coming of the Normans accelerated
these changes. Everyday use, growth of dialects, and contact
with foreign languages caused inflections (word endings) to
lose their distinctive meanings and their usefulness. Instead
of depending on word endings to give exact meaning to a
sentence, as had been the case in Old English, word order
became the important indicator.
In Old English, for example, To his J>eowum se feeder cwaeoK
meaning "The father said to his servants" or "To his servants
the father said," would have the same meaning no matter
how the words were placed in the sentence. The -urn
ending on beow(um) would always indicate who was being
spoken to. In modern English, if we shift word order to
make the sentence read " His servants said to the father,"
the meaning would be quite different.
English still retains some inflections, including plurals and
the verb endings. But Middle English had far fewer inflections
than Old English.

Modern English
The Modern English period, starting about 1500, has been
concerned for the most part with regulating and standardizing
the language. But attempts to fix English into a permanent
form failed. The way a language is used gives it life,
and usage produces change.
However, fixing a language and freezing its usages into a
form that tolerates no change is different from trying to
standardize its spelling so that communication between inhabitants
of various regions of the country is easy and effective.
Several factors contributed to establishing Standard English
spelling and some forms of usage and many of the traits that
exist in modern English. These factors included the introduction
of the printing press into England in 1477 by William
Caxton, the revival of interest in literature, and the growth of
popular education.
The need for standardization was recognized as early as
the mid-1300's. From that time, the London dialect (East
Midland) was gradually adopted from the four main dialects
in existence (Northern, East and West Midland, and Southern)
as the basis for Standard English. The choice was made
because the London dialect was the language of contracts
and commerce and the speech of the ruling court. All official
documents originating there were written in the London
dialect. Furthermore, the translation of the Book of Common
Prayer and the King James version of the Bible became tremendous
forces for elevated English.
Before Caxton, literary works were written for the most
part in the dialect of the author. Spoken dialects continued
for a long time and, indeed, still exist. But, by the end of the
1400's, the London dialect was becoming accepted literary
usage.
By the early part of the 1600's, more than 20,000 different
works were printed in England alone. Books were available
to all who could read and afford them. The printed
word helped to make spelling more uniform. Up until that
time spelling usually varied from region to region.
  From the 1500's through the 1700's, many writers experimented
with words. Over 10,000 new words entered the
English language. Many of these were taken from Latin and
Greek by scholars who wanted to replace the forms earlier
adopted from French. Translators and writers believed the
language was rough, unpolished, and incapable of doing
what Latin and Greek had done, and what Italian could do.
They set about enlarging the vocabulary, chiefly by translating
words from Greek and Latin. More than twenty-five per
cent of modern English words come almost directly from
classical languages. Very often we have two words that go
back to the same Latin original—one brought in by the Normans,
and one taken in directly. For example, words such as
paint and picture, certainty and certitude. The adoption of
Greek and Latin forms became so abundant and so outrageous
that many of these borrowings were dubbed "inkhorn
terms" because of their bookishness. However, some of
these terms were useful and necessary and they have survived
to this day. Among them are conduct, dexterity, extinguish,
scientific, and spurious.

American and British English
After the British colonized America, the English language
used by Americans began to change from that in the old
country. The biggest factor in this change involved the need
to create or adopt words to identify unfamiliar objects. Animals,
trees, food, and the physical features of the land were
different. The Americans took words from the Indians to
identify a raccoon, a tomahawk, a papoose, and a wigwam.
When there were no appropriate words, they did what their
ancestors had done. They combined words and gave them
new meanings. The combination of garter and snake produced
a word to describe a crawling creature they had
never seen before. They named the sweet, edible root of a
vine belonging to the morning-glory family, sweet potato.
They adapted from the Narraganset Indians the name for the
fruit of a plant of the gourd family, the squash.
  The growth of American nationalism led to a desire for
cultural as well as political independence from the mother
country. This, too, influenced American English, as in conscious
attempts to reform spelling so that in time, musick
became music, and labour became labor. New ideas in the
arts and sciences and the coming to America of people from
many different countries had a powerful effect on American
English.
Changes have not been so extensive that we speak a new
language. Many Americans may not know that when an
Englishman says fitment he means an alteration, and that
the British goods wagon is the American freight car. But, for
the most part, Americans and Britons communicate easily
because grammatical and phonetic patterns have not
changed, though many words or lexical content are different.
The gap between American and British English has
become smaller in recent times, especially with the great increases
in the ease of transportation and communication.
Neither the Americans nor the British have any qualms
about appropriating words from other languages when they
express concepts better than native words can. The British
have taken American words such as telephone, jazz, and
typewriter. Americans take words from many languages.
English has also changed in other countries where it is
used. Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, and others
have adapted English to fit their own needs. Although all
English-speaking people can generally understand each
other, each English-speaking country has developed distinctive
ways of using the language. For example, New Zealanders
refer to a section (a building lot in a city), Australians to
a mob (a group of animals), and Canadians to a chesterfield
(an overstuffed sofa).
As long as travel and trade exist between nations, as long
as large groups of people continue to settle in countries
other than their native lands, and as long as the sciences
and the arts progress, new ideas, new words, and new usages
of words will continue to keep language changing and
growing.

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-18 20:20:43

zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-18 16:59/ w; B7 K" g+ ^- k' V: j) L
zongyyc纠错专楼 r8 P h' R9 u5 h" n3 {
20151118) G* ?. l7 f9 v% }. r I
koto条，释义中的zither-like的换行连接符似乎可以去掉，因为这是电子版，不存 ...

似乎不可以去掉。。。

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-18 20:21:12

zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-18 17:58
7 s6 E. k7 C& o2 u+ X, Azongyyc纠错专楼
( M" _2 G" u8 r2 }2 w20151118
; V! a- ?+ F& c/ X9 X- u私以为可以将pdf正文前的多篇文章也加入词条，以完善词典的内容，并更好的使用 ...

先不加了，不知道词头就看不见

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-19 00:33:24

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151119
a条中a2的1b例句中，judgement…中的英文省略号前应该有一个空格，如图

关于英文省略号的用法，如图

在其他词条中，同样存在英文省略号前后没有空格、或只有前或后有空格的问题，请想办法一起修改

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-19 00:58:23

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151119
A (no period)条中第14个释义中，缺少了AAA,文字，如图

eeshu · 发表于 2015-11-19 07:54:49

bt4baidu 发表于 2015-11-18 20:21
先不加了，不知道词头就看不见

可以最后做到词典信息里去，设置几个连接，美观又实用。

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-19 09:03:13

zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-19 00:33
0 u8 H3 h* i& l1 \5 y9 {0 U( j! f+ b) Szongyyc纠错专楼
; O3 R: R4 b5 z# z5 g8 a20151119. x+ } R7 W$ {$ d$ J7 z* t
a条中a2的1b例句中，judgement…中的英文省略号前应该有一个空格，如图

judgement符合第四条规定，此类问题一律不改，除非造成歧义

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-19 10:03:28

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151119
taken aback条中a项释义下的startled同为syn，似乎颜色应与前2个单词一致。如图

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-19 10:15:37

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151119
abash条中的例句似乎应该是2条，而不是1条，应该分开单列更好，如图

zongyyc · 发表于 2015-11-19 10:48:30

zongyyc纠错专楼
20151119
abject条中第3项释义下的groveling同为syn，似乎颜色应与前1个单词一致，如图

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-19 12:54:35

zongyyc 发表于 2015-11-19 10:15
% K& l& s+ d3 F& k0 Ozongyyc纠错专楼2 {1 B: T" ^6 N9 B1 \0 W
201511193 u* i2 V+ v$ j B+ g+ D* a# @
abash条中的例句似乎应该是2条，而不是1条，应该分开单列更好，如图

确实。。。

abject条中第3项释义下的groveling同为syn，似乎颜色应与前1个单词一致

前面是链接，所以颜色不一样。問題なし

sky66 · 发表于 2015-11-19 14:27:04

本帖最后由 sky66 于 2015-11-19 14:28 编辑

1. 2d
词头应该是S.W. 2d
一般认知2d = two-dimensional
用2d= sw. 这个词条, 感觉不太适当

2. characteristic
mantissa is.95424
=>
mantissa is .95424
缺少空格

3. mantissa
mantissa is.95424
=>
mantissa is .95424
释义内容举相同例子, 所以一样缺少空格

4.
以问题2&3 用正则去找 \l\.\d\d\d 共26处
这26处我已逐一确认过, 都要加一个空白
如: decimal point条 2.03 or.623. 应为2.03 or .623.

用正则去找 \l\.\d\d  则有46处
用正则去找 \l\.\d  则有52处
但这就有例外了,  如: aurea mediocritas条的II.x.5 在WBD_old也没有空白
请恕我不能一一截图列举.

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-19 19:07:29

sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 14:27
! \( i' g% \, g) j0 V1. 2d5 j6 F- G3 m# o. n' }5 F [# m r0 ?9 i
词头应该是S.W. 2d
( c7 r9 m! O) a+ ?$ `( a) c6 G一般认知2d = two-dimensional

1. 词头提取错误，要改程序。类似错误全文仅5处，能发现很不容易啊

2-4 统一由程序处理了
II.x.5 这种是章节，不应该有空白

sky66 · 发表于 2015-11-19 21:13:22

本帖最后由 sky66 于 2015-11-19 21:20 编辑

楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊..
更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过释义千言万语..

前两天有提到” See picture under”的问题.
因为PDF Volume 1已经有OCR , 今天找时间搜寻PDF vol.1 “See picture under” 共有301个结果, 然而解开mdx只发现五个..
不知有没有机会将这300个放进mdx? 这样可以方便找到相关图片

我自己有想个不很完美的方式, 就是将PDF vol.1直接存成TXT, 然后抽出(.{35})(See picture under )(.{2,20}?)\.
之后建立emeditor的批次置换清单:
on\t\1\t\1\2<a href=”entry://\3”>\3</a>.
再去用emeditor批次置换mdx内的文本..
(数字35只是初步测试, 数字太小, 担心重复机率太高, 替换到不该换的词条…数字太大又怕OCR错误太多, 到时候找不到置换的词条..)

因为我的pc不够快, 要处理很费时, 也没有考虑太多OCR错字以及数字问题..
只能先初步测试抽取了64组See picture under
最后成功置换47组..例如airframe、bobcat

替换清单内容:
on r lynx of North America; bay lynx. r lynx of North America; bay lynx. See picture under <a href="entry://lynx">lynx</a>.
on listic missile, or of a dirigible. listic missile, or of a dirigible. See picture under <a href="entry://airship">airship</a>.
…

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-19 21:30:51

本帖最后由 bt4baidu 于 2015-11-19 21:32 编辑

sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 21:13 x1 Q. f/ m# {6 Q. y4 ^9 D, d
楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊..' p! e& q4 {. h- k1 V5 m% g8 k
更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过 ...

这么多。。。

要做的话，只有整理成一个文档，由程序批量替换了，写成这种格式：
词头 \t bay lynx. \t See picture under <B>lynx</B>.

我会把<B>自动转为链接，所以不用写<a href...

300多个，不小的工作量啊。。。暂没这个精力

css · 发表于 2015-11-19 21:46:31

本帖最后由 css 于 2015-11-19 21:48 编辑

条目: cognation
问题: 如图所示, i 应为 in

bt4baidu · 发表于 2015-11-19 21:55:07

sky66 发表于 2015-11-19 21:13/ |& I' k) T9 B [0 W7 S8 h
楼主辛苦修改更不容易啊.., X2 _$ \5 B+ l
更在WBD2015添加了图片, 实在令人激赏, 因为英英词典有搭配一张插图, 往往胜过 ...

你把300多个See picture及其前面的文字保存了么？要不发给我看看能否用程序给整理出来

css · 发表于 2015-11-19 22:00:33

本帖最后由 css 于 2015-11-19 22:01 编辑

条目: COW/till (or until) the cows come home
问题: 如图所示, d 应为 and

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[词典校勘] 【精校人员募集】World Book Dictionary, 2015 勘误专帖

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